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Monthly Archives: August 2025

News In Short 04-08-2025

Context

  • Recently, the OPEC+ alliance announced that it will increase oil production by 547,000 barrels per day (bpd) starting in September, 2025.

    • About OPEC+

  • OPEC+ is an extended alliance of OPEC, having 22 members, made up of 10 major, non-OPEC oil producing countries (Russia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Brunei, Bahrain, Mexico, Oman, South Sudan, Sudan and Malaysia), along with the 12 OPEC members.
  • It was formed in 2016 after the adoption of the ‘Algiers Accord’ by OPEC countries and signing of the ‘Vienna Agreement’ between OPEC and other major oil exporting countries.

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    India’s Economy Gains Momentum as Inflation Eases and Exports Surge

    Context

  • India’s economy is witnessing strong growth momentum, marked by easing inflation and record-high exports, offering relief to households and strengthening the nation’s global trade position.

    • Present status 

  • India’s economy is the fastest growing major economy, with real GDP growth estimated at 6.5% in 2024-25 and expected to continue at the same rate in 2025-26. 
  • Despite global uncertainties, strong domestic demand, easing inflation, rising exports, and robust capital markets support this growth. 

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    Health Impacts of Land Degradation & Drought: UNCCD

    Context

  • Recently, the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) released a policy brief detailing the severe health impacts of land degradation and drought.

    • Health Risks of Land Degradation and Drought

  • Rise in Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases: The policy brief highlights the wide-ranging health consequences associated with environmental stress:
  • Mental Health Consequences: Droughts often result in displacement, resource scarcity, and financial hardship, leading to increased mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression. 

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    Non-communicable Diseases in India

    Context

  • Three decades ago, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) were rare in the villages; however, today, low- and middle-income countries confront an NCD burden that has spread from cities to villages.

    • Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs)

  • NCDs also known as chronic diseases, tend to be of long duration and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behavioural factors.
  • The main types of NCDs are cardiovascular diseases (such as heart attacks and stroke), cancers, chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma) and diabetes.

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    संक्षिप्त समाचार 04-08-2025

    संदर्भ 

  • हाल ही में OPEC+ गठबंधन ने घोषणा की है कि वह सितंबर 2025 से प्रतिदिन 547,000 बैरल तेल उत्पादन बढ़ाएगा।

    • OPEC+ के बारे में

  • OPEC+, OPEC का विस्तारित गठबंधन है, जिसमें कुल 22 सदस्य हैं। 
  • इसमें 12 OPEC सदस्य देशों के साथ 10 प्रमुख गैर-OPEC तेल उत्पादक देश शामिल हैं: रूस, कज़ाखस्तान, अज़रबैजान, ब्रुनेई, बहरीन, मेक्सिको, ओमान, दक्षिण सूडान, सूडान और मलेशिया। 

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    POSH and Political Parties

    Context

  • The Supreme Court allowed a petitioner to withdraw her plea challenging the exclusion of women political workers from the ambit of protection under the POSH Act.

    • About

  • The plea mentioned that the definitions of ‘workplace’ and ‘employer’ under the 2013 Act must be expanded to include the political spectrum.
  • It sought a declaration from the court that “political parties are bound to follow the procedure for protection of women in the workplace under the POSH Act”.

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    Bio-fortified Potatoes

    Context

  • Bio-fortified potatoes, with added iron content, will soon be available in Indian markets, said the Director-General of the Peru-based International Potato Center (CIP). 

    • About

  • Bio-fortified sweet potatoes, with vitamin A added using technology developed by the CIP, are already available in Karnataka, Assam, West Bengal, and Odisha.
  • The focus is on iron fortification in potatoes, the first variety has been released in Peru.

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    Shifts in India’s Pesticide Market

    Context

  • India’s pesticide market is undergoing a structural transformation, driven by shifting pest dynamics, labour shortages, and changing cropping practices.

    • Background

  • Pesticides, or crop protection chemicals, include substances used to kill or deter pests that harm crops. These include:Insecticides: For insect pests (e.g., white-backed plant hopper in paddy).
  • Historically, pesticide use in India was low in the mid-20th century, but has grown with the Green Revolution. 

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