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Yearly Archives: 2025

News In Short 31-12-2025

Context

  • A new study has suggested that ulcerative colitis may be triggered when a normally hidden layer of immune cells, located just beneath the gut lining, becomes thinner. 

    • About

  • Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes long-lasting inflammation and ulcers in the inner lining of the large intestine (colon) and rectum.
  • It is an auto-inflammatory/immune-mediated condition with periods of flare-ups and remission.
  • Causes: Immune system dysfunction attacking the gut lining, Genetic susceptibility, environmental factors (diet, infections, gut microbiome imbalance).

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    Issues with Gig Workers in India 

    In Context

  • Gig and platform worker unions have called for a strike, protesting the denial of basic labour rights and alleged exploitation by food delivery and taxi platforms. 

    • What is the Gig Economy?

  •  According to the World Economic Forum, The gig economy involves short-term, task-based work facilitated by digital platforms connecting workers with customers. 
  • In India, gig workers are defined as “self-employed” workers, and the gig labour force has seen increasing participation of women. 
  • Gig workers provide a wide range of services like driving, beauty, housework, food delivery, etc.

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    India’s Domination of Global Rice Trade Stokes Looming Water Crisis

    Context

  • India is the world’s largest rice exporter despite being a highly water-stressed country which represents a policy paradox.

    • About

  • India overtook China as the world’s largest rice producer and now accounts for ~40% of global rice exports.
  • Rice exports crossed 20 million metric tonnes in the latest fiscal year.
  • India exports rice to 179 other countries.

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    100 Years of Quantum Mechanics

    Context

  • 2025 has been declared the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology by UNESCO, marking 100 years since the formal development of quantum mechanics in 1925.
  • The milestone commemorates the Helgoland breakthrough by Werner Heisenberg, which laid the foundations of modern quantum theory.

    • What is Quantum Mechanics?

  • Quantum mechanics is the branch of physics that explains the behaviour of matter and energy at atomic and subatomic scales.
  • It departs from classical Newtonian physics and is based on principles such as quantisation of energy, wave–particle duality, uncertainty, and superposition.
  • It explains how extremely small objects simultaneously have the characteristics of both particles (tiny pieces of matter) and waves (a disturbance or variation that transfers energy).

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    Ministry tells Social Media Platforms to Block Obscene Content

    Context

  • The government has issued a fresh advisory to social media platforms to be stricter in taking down obscene, vulgar, pornographic and other illegal content from their platforms.

    • About

  • Reason: The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) has repeatedly received complaints that certain content circulating online does not comply with laws on decency and obscenity.
  • Under the IT Rules, 2021, platforms are required to make “reasonable efforts” to ensure that users do not upload or share content that is obscene, pornographic or illegal. 
  • MeitY asked platforms to ensure that users have easy access to reporting and grievance redressal systems. 

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    Abhinav Bindra-led Panel Flags Systemic Gaps in Indian Sports Governance

    Context

  • Recently, a government-empowered task force led by Olympic gold medallist Abhinav Bindra has revealed serious systemic weaknesses and structural deficiencies within India’s sports governance framework.

    • Key Findings: A System Under Strain

  • Systemic Deficiencies in Key Sports Institutions: India’s major sports institutions, including the Sports Authority of India (SAI) and state sports departments, suffer from chronic understaffing, poor inter-agency coordination, and excessive reliance on generalist civil servants or short-term contractual employees lacking domain expertise.
  • These shortcomings impede the effective implementation of national sports policies, weaken coordination with federations, and undermine India’s capacity to build a modern, athlete-centric ecosystem.
  • Absence of Professional Sports Administration Framework: India is lacking a national institute or structured framework for sports administration and governance.

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    India’s 2025 Economic Reforms

    Context

  • Economic reforms in 2025 reflect a maturing phase of India’s governance, where the emphasis shifted decisively from “expanding regulatory frameworks” to “delivering measurable outcomes”.

    • Income Tax Reforms

  • The Union Budget 2025-26 exempted the annual incomes up to ₹12 lakh from income tax under the new regime, with the effective exemption rising to ₹12.75 lakh for salaried taxpayers on account of the standard deduction.
  • The Government announced a comprehensive overhaul of the Income-tax Act, 1961, resulting in the New Income Tax Act, 2025. 
  • The Act strengthens digital-first enforcement, faceless tax administration, consolidates compliance provisions such as Tax Deducted at Source (TDS) under a single section etc.

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    A Multipolar World with Bipolar Characteristics

    Published on: 31th December, 2025

    The world is no longer led by a single superpower but is increasingly shaped by a renewed bipolar dynamic between the United States and China, even as it moves toward greater multipolarity, underscoring the need for deeper multilateralism.

    संक्षिप्त समाचार 31-12-2025

    संदर्भ

  • एक नए अध्ययन ने सुझाव दिया है कि अल्सरेटिव कोलाइटिस तब उत्पन्न हो सकता है जब आंत की परत के ठीक नीचे स्थित सामान्यतः छिपी हुई प्रतिरक्षा कोशिकाओं की परत पतली हो जाती है।

    •  परिचय

  • अल्सरेटिव कोलाइटिस (UC) एक दीर्घकालिक सूजनयुक्त आंत्र रोग (IBD) है, जो बड़ी आंत (कोलन) और मलाशय की भीतरी परत में लंबे समय तक सूजन और अल्सर पैदा करता है।
  • यह एक स्व-प्रज्वलन/प्रतिरक्षा-जनित स्थिति है, जिसमें बार-बार लक्षण उभरते हैं और फिर ठीक होने दौर में आते हैं।

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    भारत में गिग वर्कर्स के साथ मुद्दे

    संदर्भ

  • गिग और प्लेटफ़ॉर्म श्रमिक संघों ने हड़ताल का आह्वान किया है, भोजन वितरण एवं टैक्सी प्लेटफ़ॉर्म्स द्वारा बुनियादी श्रम अधिकारों से वंचित करने तथा कथित शोषण के विरुद्ध विरोध जताते हुए।

    • गिग अर्थव्यवस्था क्या है?

  • विश्व आर्थिक मंच के अनुसार, गिग अर्थव्यवस्था अल्पकालिक, कार्य-आधारित रोजगार को दर्शाती है, जिसे डिजिटल प्लेटफ़ॉर्म्स द्वारा सुगम बनाया जाता है जो श्रमिकों को ग्राहकों से जोड़ते हैं।
  • भारत में गिग श्रमिकों को “स्व-नियोजित” श्रमिकों के रूप में परिभाषित किया गया है, और गिग श्रम बल में महिलाओं की भागीदारी लगातार बढ़ रही है।

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