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Monthly Archives: July 2025

News In Short-10-07-2025

Context

  • The Ministry of Culture announced a two-year official commemoration of the 125th birth anniversary of Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee.

    • About

  • Initially a member of the Indian National Congress; later joined the Hindu Mahasabha in the 1930s.
  • He became the youngest Vice-Chancellor of Calcutta University at age 33 in 1934.
  • He served as Finance Minister of Bengal (1941–42) in the Fazlul Haq ministry.
  • 1944: He founded an English daily,”Nationalist.”

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    Optical Atomic Clock 

    Context

  • Researchers from six countries have conducted the world’s largest and most accurate comparison of optical atomic clocks across three continents. 

    • What is the Current Definition of a Second?

  • Present Standard (since 1967): One second equals the time taken for 9,192,631,770 cycles of radiation produced by the caesium-133 atom when it changes between two energy states.
  • Caesium was chosen for its high accuracy and consistency.
  • India’s Timekeeping: The National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in Delhi maintains India’s time standard using five caesium clocks.
  • The clocks’ output is disseminated to various applications around India via the INSAT satellites, telecommunication signals, and fibre links.

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    Starlink Receives India’s Final Regulatory Nod for Launch

    Context

  • India’s space regulator INSPACe has granted a licence to Elon Musk-run Starlink to offer space-based internet services in the country.

    • About

  • Starlink has been waiting since 2022 for licences to operate commercially in India.
  • It would be the third company to receive India’s nod to enter the space after Eutelsat’s OneWeb and Reliance Jio.
  • Starlink will now need to secure spectrum from the government, set up ground infrastructure, and also demonstrate through testing and trials that it meets the security rules it has signed up for.
  • Starlink authorisation is to operate Gen1 constellation for providing satellite broadband capacity over India till 2030.

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    Catastrophe Bonds (Cat Bonds)

    Context

  • Recently experts have advocated for India to consider catastrophe bonds (cat bonds) as a financial instrument to manage disaster risk and post-disaster reconstruction costs.

    • What is a Cat Bond?

  • Cat bonds are a unique hybrid insurance-cum-debt financial product that transforms insurance cover into a tradable security. 
  • These are high-yield debt instruments, issued by a sponsoring entity (like a government), through intermediaries such as the World Bank or ADB, and bought by investors.
  • If a specified disaster occurs, the investor may lose part or all of their principal, which is then used for relief and reconstruction.
  • If no disaster occurs during the bond period, investors earn attractive coupon payments.

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    BRICS Condemned European Union’s CBAM

    Context

  • BRICS nations have “condemned and rejected” the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanisms (CBAM) of the European Union (EU) and similar restrictive trade measures, saying they undermine their transition to a cleaner economy.

    • CBAM

  • CBAM is an import duty imposed by the European Union (EU) on goods produced by processes that lead to more carbon emissions than domestic European manufacturers are allowed to emit. 
  • It is introduced to put a “fair price” on carbon-intensive goods imported from non-EU countries. 
  • It is to create a level playing field with EU companies that account for their carbon emission through the bloc’s Emission Trading System (ETS).
  • Application: To be imposed from January 1, 2026, on six items: steel, aluminium, cement, fertilizer, hydrogen, and electricity.

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    Gujarat Bridge Collapse: Fragility of Public Infrastructure in India

    Context

  • The recent collapse of the Mujpur-Gambhira bridge over Gujarat’s Mahisagar (Mahi) river has once again exposed the alarming fragility of public infrastructure of India.

    • Proposed Reform

  • Structural & Governance Reforms: Treat urban infrastructure as core national infrastructure to unlock long-term capital.
  • Create unified, tech-enabled urban governance bodies for integrated planning.
  • Strengthen State Finance Commissions to empower municipal autonomy.
  • Financing Innovations: Develop a municipal bond market and pooled finance mechanisms.

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    संक्षिप्त समाचार 10-07-2025

    संदर्भ 

  • संस्कृति मंत्रालय ने डॉ. श्यामा प्रसाद मुखर्जी की 125वीं जयंती को दो वर्ष तक आधिकारिक रूप से मनाने की घोषणा की।

    • परिचय 

  • शुरुआत में वे भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस के सदस्य थे; बाद में 1930 के दशक में हिंदू महासभा में शामिल हो गए।
  • 1934 में 33 वर्ष की आयु में वे कलकत्ता विश्वविद्यालय के सबसे कम उम्र के कुलपति बने।

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    ऑप्टिकल परमाणु घड़ी

    संदर्भ 

  • छह देशों के शोधकर्ताओं ने तीन महाद्वीपों में ऑप्टिकल परमाणु घड़ियों की विश्व की सबसे बड़ी और सबसे सटीक तुलना की है।

    • सेकण्ड की वर्तमान परिभाषा क्या है?

  • वर्तमान मानक (1967 से): एक सेकंड, सीज़ियम-133 परमाणु द्वारा दो ऊर्जा अवस्थाओं के बीच परिवर्तन के दौरान उत्पन्न विकिरण के 9,192,631,770 चक्रों में लगने वाले समय के बराबर होता है।
  • सीज़ियम को इसकी उच्च सटीकता और स्थिरता के लिए चुना गया था।

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