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भारत में जादू-टोना प्रथा

संदर्भ 

  • बिहार के पूर्णिया जिले में जादू-टोना करने के संदेह में एक ही परिवार के पांच सदस्यों की हत्या कर दी गई।

    • जादू-टोना क्या है?

  • जादू-टोना, विशेष रूप से हानि, दुर्भाग्य या बीमारी पहुँचाने के लिए अलौकिक या जादुई शक्तियों में विश्वास या कथित प्रयोग को संदर्भित करता है।
  • भारतीय संदर्भ में, जादू-टोना:
    अंधविश्वास और पितृसत्तात्मक मानदंडों से गहराई से जुड़ा हुआ है।

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    समुद्री स्तर में वृद्धि, जीवन में परिवर्तन और लोकतांत्रिक मूल्यों की परीक्षा

    जलवायु परिवर्तन के कारण भारत के समुद्र तट पर समुद्र-स्तर में वृद्धि, लवणीय जल का अतिक्रमण और तटीय क्षरण बढ़ रहा है, जिससे इसका पर्यावरण, सामाजिक और राजनीतिक रूप से प्रभावित हो रहा है।

    News In Short-07-07-2025

    In News

  • Helgoland is remembered as the birthplace of quantum mechanics.

    • Helgoland

  • It is a tiny red-sandstone island in the North Sea, about 50 km off Germany’s coast. 
  • It is Less than a square kilometre in size and  it was once a naval fortress and later became a holiday destination for those seeking fresh air.

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    ‘Invisible Hand’ in India’s Foreign Trade

    In News

  • India’s foreign trade dynamics have shifted significantly over the past two decades, with “invisibles”—exports of services and remittances from Indians abroad—now playing a more crucial role than physical goods. 

    • India’s Service Sector 

  • India’s services sector covers a wide variety of activities such as trade, hotel and restaurants, transport, storage and communication, financing, insurance, real estate, business services, community, social and personal services, and services associated with construction.
  • The Economic Survey 2024-25, presented by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, highlights the service sector as the ‘Old War Horse’ of India’s economy, driving growth both domestically and globally. 

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    Concern over Falling Household Savings in India

    Context

  • India is witnessing a structural transformation marked by declining net financial savings, rising household debt, and a shifting asset composition.

    • What is Household Savings?

  • Household saving is the difference between a household’s net disposable income and its total consumption expenditure, including taxes and debt repayments. 
  • It reflects the ability of households to defer current consumption for future security, investment, or emergencies.

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    Cooperatives: The Economic Backbone of India

    Context

  • The Union Cooperation Minister laid the foundation stone for India’s first national-level cooperative university, ‘Tribhuvan Sahkari University’ (TSU), in Anand, Gujarat.

    • What are Cooperatives?

  • A cooperative (or co-op) is an organization or business that is owned and operated by a group of individuals who share a common interest, goal, or need. 
  • These individuals, known as members, participate in the cooperative’s activities and decision-making process, typically on a one-member, one-vote basis, regardless of the amount of capital or resources each member contributes. 
  • The main purpose of a cooperative is to meet the economic, social, or cultural needs of its members, rather than to maximize profits for external shareholders.

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    India Ranks 4th among the World’s Most Equal Societies

    Context

  • According to the World Bank, India’s Gini Index stands at 25.5, making it the fourth most equal country in the world.

    • Major Highlights

  • India was placed after the Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Belarus.
  • India’s score is much lower than China’s 35.7 and far lower than the United States, which stands at 41.8.
  • India falls into the “moderately low” inequality category, which includes Gini scores between 25 and 30.
  • India has a better score than all of the other 167 countries for which the World Bank has released data.

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    17th BRICS Summit in Brazil

    Context

  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressed the BRICS Summit Plenary session on ‘Strengthening Multilateralism, Economic-Financial Affairs, and Artificial Intelligence.

    • Major Highlights of the BRICS Summit

  • The BRICS Leaders’ Declaration, adopted at the summit reflected India’s key concerns, especially on cross-border terrorism and global governance reforms.
  • PM Modi said that the majority of the world’s population is not properly represented in key global institutions.
  • He called for a greater role for the developing world in international decision-making. 
  • He also emphasizes the need for making BRICS more effective in an increasingly multipolar world.

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    Studying in Mother Tongue Instils Strong Values: CJI

    Context

  • Recently, the Chief Justice of India underscored the enduring value of education in one’s mother tongue, calling it a cornerstone of personal growth and ethical grounding.

    • About

  • A language is an umbrella term which contains many mother tongues.
  • India is a linguistically diverse country, and one of the richest in the world — with over 1,300 rationalized mother tongues and 122 major languages spoken by more than 10,000 people each.
  • In ancient gurukuls and madrasas, students learned through Sanskrit, Pali, Persian, or regional dialects.
  • However, colonial education policies introduced English as the dominant medium, marginalizing native languages and creating a linguistic divide that persists today.

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