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Mexico Imposes up to 50% Tariff on Imports From India and China

Context

  • Mexico has approved tariffs of up to 50% on imports from non-FTA partners, including India, effective from April 1, 2026.

    • What is Trade Protectionism?

  • Trade protectionism refers to policy measures, such as tariffs, quotas, import licensing, local content rules, aimed at shielding domestic industries from foreign competition.
  • Drivers of the current wave of protectionism include:
  • Slowing global growth and supply-chain vulnerabilities.
  • Strategic reshoring by major economies like the U.S. and EU.

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    India’s Nuclear Power Generation Reaches Record High in FY 2024-25

    Context

  • According to the Department of Atomic Energy, NPCIL has, for the first time, crossed 50 billion units (BUs) of electricity generation in FY 2024–25.

    • Nuclear Power in India

  • India operates one of the world’s most unique nuclear programmes based on a three-stage nuclear strategy designed to utilise India’s abundant thorium reserves.
  • The current installed nuclear power capacity in the country is around 8.78 GW, spread across 24 nuclear power reactors.
  • As of July 2025, nuclear energy contributes around 3.1 % of total electricity generation.

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    China’s $1 Trillion Trade Surplus: Impacts Over World & On India

    Context

  • Recently, China’s trade surplus surpassed $1 trillion in the first eleven months of 2025, underscoring China’s dominance in global manufacturing and exports.
  • It also reveals underlying economic vulnerabilities and global trade distortions.

    • Milestone and Its Meaning of $1 Trillion Trade Surplus

  • It is the culmination of two decades of industrial scaling and policy continuity of China including the tightly integrated supply chains, infrastructure depth, and manufacturing ecosystem. 
  • It is added by weaker Renminbi (exchange rate effects), but the fundamental driver remains production strength.
  • It comes amid weak domestic demand and a volatile global trade environment.

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    संक्षिप्त समाचार 12-12-2025

    संदर्भ

  • सर्वोच्च न्यायालय ने कार्यस्थल पर महिलाओं के यौन उत्पीड़न (निवारण, प्रतिबंध और निवारण) अधिनियम, 2013 (POSH Act) के अंतर्गत आंतरिक शिकायत समितियों (ICCs) के अधिकार क्षेत्र का विस्तार किया है।

    • POSH के बारे में

  • उत्पत्ति: यह अधिनियम सर्वोच्च न्यायालय के विशाखा बनाम राजस्थान राज्य (1997) के निर्णय के बाद लागू किया गया था, जिसमें कार्यस्थल पर यौन उत्पीड़न पर विधायी शून्य को भरने के लिए बाध्यकारी दिशानिर्देश दिए गए थे।
  • परिधि और कवरेज: यह अधिनियम सभी कार्यस्थलों पर लागू होता है, जिनमें सरकारी कार्यालय, निजी क्षेत्र, NGOs, शैक्षणिक संस्थान, अस्पताल, खेल संस्थाएँ और असंगठित क्षेत्र शामिल हैं। यह रोजगार के लिए उपयोग किए जाने वाले आवासों में घरेलू कामगारों तक भी संरक्षण का विस्तार करता है।

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    चीन का 1 ट्रिलियन डॉलर का व्यापार अधिशेष: विश्व और भारत पर प्रभाव

    संदर्भ

  • हाल ही में, चीन का व्यापार अधिशेष 2025 के प्रथम ग्यारह माह में $1 ट्रिलियन से अधिक हो गया, जो वैश्विक विनिर्माण और निर्यात में चीन की प्रभुत्वता को रेखांकित करता है। यह साथ ही अंतर्निहित आर्थिक कमजोरियों और वैश्विक व्यापार विकृतियों को भी उजागर करता है।

    • $1 ट्रिलियन व्यापार अधिशेष का महत्व और माइलस्टोन

  • यह चीन के दो दशकों के औद्योगिक विस्तार और नीति निरंतरता का परिणाम है, जिसमें सघन आपूर्ति श्रृंखलाएँ, गहरी अवसंरचना एवं विनिर्माण पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र शामिल हैं।

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    News In Short 11-12-2025

    In News

  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi honoured  the courage of those who participated in the historic Assam Movement on Swahid Diwas.

    • Swahid Diwas 

  • It is observed annually on December 10 to honour those who sacrificed their lives during the Assam Movement – a mass agitation launched in 1979 by the Assam Students’ Union (ASU) and the All Assam Gana Sangram Parishad (AAGSP) against large-scale infiltration from Bangladesh. 
  • The movement culminated in 1985 with the signing of the historic Assam Accord, ensuring detection and deportation of illegal foreigners and guaranteeing constitutional, legislative, and administrative safeguards to protect Assamese identity, culture, and heritage.

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    Global Environment Outlook

    Context

  • The Global Environment Outlook, Seventh Edition: A Future We Choose (GEO-7), was released during the seventh session of the United Nations Environment Assembly in Nairobi.

    • About

  • GEO-7 is UNEP’s flagship assessment published for the first time in 1997. 
  • It is a major scientific report that reviews the planet’s environmental health, policy effectiveness, and future trends, providing crucial, participatory, science-based data to guide global environmental action and policy.

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    Protected Marine Areas Not Part of Offshore Blocks

    In News

  • The Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) informed Parliament that offshore mining blocks were identified only after excluding all Marine Protected Areas and key biodiversity zones. 

    • Background

  • The Centre’s plan to auction 13 offshore mining blocks — including sand off Kerala, lime mud off Gujarat, and polymetallic nodules near Great Nicobar — sparked protests in Kerala, where fishing communities and the state assembly opposed the move, citing threats to marine life and livelihoods. 
  • The government stated that mining can proceed only with detailed environmental management plans.
  • 65% of defence equipment is now manufactured domestically, a significant shift from the earlier 65-70% import dependency.

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    Make in India in Defence Sector

    Context

  • Despite high expectations, the defence announcements during the Russian President’s visit did not materialise as India is more focused towards self-reliance in defence manufacturing.

    • India’s Shift in Defence Sector

  • Defence Budget: The defence budget has seen a steady rise, growing from ₹2.53 lakh crore in 2013–14 to ₹6.81 lakh crore in 2025–26. 
  • Production: India, once heavily dependent on arms imports, now has a defence production value of ₹1.51 lakh crore, up from ₹46,000 crore in 2014.
  • 65% of defence equipment is now manufactured domestically, a significant shift from the earlier 65-70% import dependency.

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    Aditya-L1 Joins Global Effort To Study the Solar Storm

    Context

  • India’s solar observatory Aditya-L1 along with six U.S. satellites, has revealed unusual behaviour of the May 2024 solar storm called “Gannon’s storm” triggered by a series of giant explosions on the Sun known as Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs).

    • What is a Solar Storm?

  • The solar storm is composed of a series of giant explosions on the Sun, known as coronal mass ejections (CMEs).  
  • A CME is like a massive bubble of hot gas and magnetic energy thrown out from the Sun into space. 
  • When these bubbles hit Earth, they can shake earth’s magnetic shield and cause serious trouble for satellites, communication systems, GPS, and even power grids.

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