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Daily Archives: August 25, 2025

News In Short 25-August-2025

Context

  • Hawaii’s Kilauea Volcano, one of the world’s most active, has started erupting again.

    • About Kilauea

  • It is one of six active volcanoes in the Hawaiian Islands. It is a shield volcano and is known for effusive lava flows rather than explosive eruptions.
  • It is located within the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, alongside Mauna Loa (the largest volcano in the world).
  • Although smaller than Mauna Loa, Kilauea is more active, erupting frequently since 1983.

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    Cost of Dealing with Invasive Species

    Context

  • According to a recent study published in Nature Ecology & Evolution, invasive non-native plants and animals have inflicted more than $2.2 trillion in damages worldwide since 1960, and found that the true costs may be 16 times higher than previously estimated.

    • Common invasive species in India

  • Among the most costly to manage are Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica) and common lantana (Lantana camara). 
  • In India, the MoEFCC recognizes over 154 invasive faunal species, spanning terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems.
  • Invasive plants like Lantana camara and Senna spectabilis have colonized vast swathes of the Western Ghats, including critical tiger and elephant habitats.
  • Lantana alone has invaded over 40% of India’s tiger habitats, threatening prey availability and altering forest dynamics.

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    No Riverbed Mining Nod Without Sand Replenishment Study: SC

    Context

  • In a major decision aimed at curbing environmental damage from sand mining, the Supreme Court emphasized that no approval can be granted for mining in a riverbed without a thorough scientific study.

    • About

  • The court described this “replenishment study” as a mandatory requirement, upholding a National Green Tribunal (NGT) order that had cancelled the environmental clearance for a mining project in Jammu and Kashmir.
  • It emphasised that the District Survey Report is essential to scientifically determine sustainable extraction limits and prevent the degradation of river ecosystems.

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    Cruise Tourism in India

    In Context

  • India’s cruise tourism is rapidly developing by leveraging its extensive rivers, coastlines, and ports to offer unique leisure and cultural experiences.

    • Indian Scenario 

  • India is well-positioned for cruise tourism with its extensive infrastructure, including 12 major and 200 minor ports along a 7,500 km coastline, over 20,000 km of navigable waterways connecting around 400 rivers, and numerous coastal states, union territories, and 1,300 islands.
  • From Kerala’s backwaters to major rivers like the Ganga and Brahmaputra, cruise tourism is driving economic growth, creating jobs, and supporting local communities. 

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    India’s Unique Dairying Model and Its Challenges

    Context

  • India’s low-cost, cooperative-led dairying model ensures global price competitiveness, but its dependence on cheap labour and low productivity poses long-term sustainability challenges.

    • Dairy Sector of India

  • Global Leadership: India is the world’s largest milk producer, contributing 24.76% of global milk output.
  • Production Growth: Milk production rose from 146.31 million tonnes in 2014-15 to 239.30 million tonnes in 2023-24.
  • Economic Contribution: Dairy is India’s single largest agricultural commodity, contributing 5% to GDP and employing over 8 crore farmers.
  • Growth Performance: Livestock sector grew at a CAGR of 7.9% (2014-15 to 2020-21), outpacing the agriculture sector.

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    Jan Vishwas 2.0

    Context

  • The Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Bill, 2025 was introduced in Lok Sabha.  

    • Need for the Amendment

  • More than 75% of all crimes are defined under laws that regulate areas beyond core criminal justice, such as shipping, taxation, financial institutions, and municipal governance.
  • There are some inexplicably high punishments for seemingly routine offences.
  • While many such criminal provisions are rarely enforced, they may lead to the arbitrary exercise of power by the state. 
  • The excessive criminalisation further burdens India’s already burdened legal system. 

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    100th Anniversary of Vitthalbhai Patel as First Indian Speaker

    Context

  • All India Speakers’ Conference held in New Delhi, marking the 100th anniversary of Vitthalbhai Patel’s election as the first Indian Speaker of the Central Legislative Assembly.

    • The Central Legislative Assembly (CLA)

  • The Central Legislative Assembly (CLA) was the lower house of the Indian Legislature in British India, established by the Government of India Act 1919 as part of the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms. 
  • The 1919 Act created a two-house system: the Central Legislative Assembly (lower house) and the Council of State (upper house).
  • The CLA was constituted in 1921 following the 1920 elections.
  • Composition: It had 145 members, with 104 being elected and the remaining 41 nominated by the Governor-General. 

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    संक्षिप्त समाचार 25-08-2025

    संदर्भ 

  • हवाई का किलाउएआ ज्वालामुखी, जो विश्व के सबसे सक्रिय ज्वालामुखियों में से एक है, ने पुनः विस्फोट शुरू कर दिया है।

    • किलाउएआ के बारे में 

  • यह हवाई द्वीपसमूह में स्थित छह सक्रिय ज्वालामुखियों में से एक है।
  •  यह एक शील्ड ज्वालामुखी है और विस्फोटक विस्फोटों की बजाय प्रवाही लावा प्रवाह के लिए जाना जाता है। 

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    भारत में क्रूज पर्यटन

    संदर्भ 

  • भारत का क्रूज़ पर्यटन अपने विस्तृत नदियों, समुद्री तटों और बंदरगाहों का लाभ उठाकर अद्वितीय मनोरंजन एवं सांस्कृतिक अनुभव प्रदान करते हुए तीव्रता से विकसित हो रहा है।

    • क्रूज़ पर्यटन

  • यह नदियों, समुद्रों एवं नहरों के साथ प्रकृति-आधारित यात्रा का अवसर प्रदान करता है, जो विविध स्थलों तक सुरक्षित और समावेशी पहुँच सुनिश्चित करता है। संपर्क और स्थानीय अर्थव्यवस्थाओं को रोजगार सृजन के माध्यम से बढ़ावा देता है।
  • भारत क्रूज़ पर्यटन के लिए अच्छी स्थिति में है, जिसमें 7,500 किमी लंबे समुद्री तट के साथ 12 प्रमुख एवं 200 लघु बंदरगाह, 20,000 किमी से अधिक नौगम्य जलमार्ग जो लगभग 400 नदियों को जोड़ते हैं, तथा कई तटीय राज्य, केंद्र शासित प्रदेश और 1,300 द्वीप शामिल हैं। 

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