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Monthly Archives: July 2025

China’s Green Energy Transformation

Context

  • China’s transformation from the world’s largest polluter to a global clean energy superpower is the result of decades of strategic planning, massive state investment, and technological dominance across the renewable energy supply chain.

    • About the Green Energy

  • It has emerged as a cornerstone of sustainable development, as the world confronts the climate crisis.
  • It refers to energy generated from natural, renewable sources that have minimal environmental impact and produce little to no greenhouse gas emissions.
  • These sources include solar energy, wind energy, hydropower, biomass and geothermal energy.

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    Swachh Survekshan 2024-25 Rankings

    In News 

  • The Swachh Survekshan Awards 2024-25 were presented by President Droupadi Murmu at a ceremony organised by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA).

    • Swachh Survekshan (SS)

  • It is  a flagship initiative under Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban (SBM-U) and has played a pivotal role in driving cleanliness in urban India—engaging communities, changing mindsets, and motivating action for the past nine years. 
  • Beginning with just 73 urban local bodies in 2016, the latest edition now covers over 4,500 cities. 
  • The SS 2024-25 awards emphasize the theme of Reduce, Reuse, Recycle. 
  • In total, 78 awards were presented, recognising cities, cantonments, and institutions for their exemplary performance across a range of sanitation parameters.

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    CARA Issues Directions to States for Strengthening Counselling Support

    In News

  • The Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA) has issued directions to all State Adoption Resource Agencies (SARAs) under powers conferred by Section 70(1)(a) of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 (as amended in 2021), and as per the Adoption Regulations, 2022. 

    • Key Provisions of the Directives

  • Designation of Qualified Counsellors: SARAs are mandated to designate or empanel qualified counsellors at district and state levels, ideally with backgrounds in child psychology, mental health, or social work.
  • Post-Adoption Counselling: Psychosocial intervention to be provided under circumstances as assessed by Specialised Adoption Agencies (SAAs) or District Child Protection Units (DCPUs).
  • Counselling for Biological Parents: Biological parents surrendering children for adoption must be counselled about the legal finality of their decision after 60 days and the child’s future right to undertake a root search (Regulations 7(11) and 30(2)(c)).
  • Documentation: All counselling sessions and psychosocial interventions must be systematically recorded and documented at both SAA and DCPU levels to ensure transparency and continuity of care.

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    NATO Secondary Sanctions: India calls out ‘double standards’

    Context

  • India has firmly pushed back against NATO Secretary’s warning of secondary sanctions over its continued trade with Russia.

    • Crude Oil Imports of India

  • India is the world’s third largest crude oil importer, it depends on imports to meet around 88% of its crude oil needs.
  • Since the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, India has ramped up the purchase of discounted Russian oil.
  • India’s main sources of crude oil imports are Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Russia, United States and the United Arab Emirates.

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    Constitutional Validity of UAPA Upheld by Bombay High Court

    In News

  • The Bombay High Court upheld the constitutional validity of the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA), 1967, dismissing a petition that challenged the law as being ultra vires and violative of fundamental rights.

    • What is UAPA?

  • Enactment: Brought into force in 1967, being amended several times—most notably in 2004, 2008, 2012, and 2019—to include terror-related offences and empower the government with wider discretionary powers.
  • Purpose: To prevent unlawful activities, including terrorism, that threaten the sovereignty and integrity of India.
  • Provisions: It grants the government powers to ban organisations, designate individuals/organisations as terrorists, and prescribe enhanced investigation and detention procedures (including extended pre-charge detention and stringent bail conditions).

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    Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy (MRT)

    Context

  • Eight healthy babies were born in Britain with the help of an experimental technique called Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy (MRT).

    • About

  • The mothers were all at high risk for passing on life-threatening diseases to their babies due to mutations in their mitochondria.
  • The four boys and four girls were born to seven women and have no signs of the mitochondrial diseases they were at risk of inheriting.
  • The UK became the first country to approve the use of mitochondrial donation in 2015.
  • The procedure is not yet permitted in India.

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    Discovering India’s Solar Goldmine

    There is a need for data-driven reassessment of India’s solar energy potential to unlock investment, drive innovation, and accelerate the transition to net-zero emissions by 2070.

    भारत की सौर स्वर्ण खदान की खोज

    भारत सरकार ने वर्ष 2070 तक नेट ज़ीरो उत्सर्जन के लक्ष्य को प्राप्त करने के लिए निवेश को प्रोत्साहित करने, नवाचार को बढ़ावा देने और हरित ऊर्जा परिवर्तन को तीव्र करने हेतु भारत की सौर ऊर्जा क्षमता का डेटा आधारित पुनर्मूल्यांकन प्रारंभ किया है।

    संक्षिप्त समाचार 18-07-2025

    संदर्भ 

  • संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका ने गंभीर अपराधों में दोषी पाए गए पांच विदेशी नागरिकों को एस्वातिनी (Eswatini) देश में निर्वासित कर दिया है।

    • एस्वातिनी के बारे में

  • यह एक भू-आवेष्ठित देश है जो दक्षिण अफ्रीका और मोज़ाम्बिक से घिरा हुआ है और दक्षिणी अफ्रीका क्षेत्र में स्थित है।
  • यह लेसोथो, नामीबिया और दक्षिण अफ्रीका के साथ “कॉमन मॉनेटरी एरिया” (CMA) का सदस्य है।

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    चीन का हरित ऊर्जा परिवर्तन

    संदर्भ 

  • चीन का विश्व के सबसे बड़े प्रदूषक से वैश्विक स्वच्छ ऊर्जा महाशक्ति में परिवर्तन दशकों की रणनीतिक योजना, विशाल सरकारी निवेश और नवीकरणीय ऊर्जा आपूर्ति श्रृंखला में तकनीकी प्रभुत्व का परिणाम है।

    • हरित ऊर्जा के बारे में 

  • स्वच्छ ऊर्जा सतत विकास की एक आधारशिला के रूप में उभरी है, विशेष रूप से जब विश्व जलवायु संकट का सामना कर रहा है। 
  • यह उस ऊर्जा को दर्शाती है जो प्राकृतिक, नवीकरणीय स्रोतों से उत्पन्न होती है और जिसका पर्यावरण पर न्यूनतम प्रभाव होता है तथा जो ग्रीनहाउस गैसों का बहुत कम या शून्य उत्सर्जन करती है। 

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