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News In Short-30-06-2025

Context

  • India’s Defence Minister gifted a Madhubani painting to his Chinese counterpart during the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Defence Ministers’ Meeting in Qingdao, China.

    • About the Madhubani Painting

  • Origin: Madhubani painting, also known as Mithila painting, originated in the Madhubani district of Bihar’s Mithila region.
  • Technique: Traditionally painted by women using fingers, twigs, nib-pens, matchsticks, and brushes. Natural dyes and pigments are used, producing bright earthy colours.
  • Distinctive Features: Known for eye-catching geometrical patterns, two-dimensional imagery, and complete coverage — no empty spaces.
  • Themes: Depicts Hindu deities (Krishna, Rama, Shiva, Durga, Lakshmi, Saraswati), celestial bodies (Sun, Moon), sacred plants (Tulsi), court and wedding scenes, and motifs of flowers, animals, and birds.

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    Artificial Rain in Delhi

    In News

  • Delhi is set to launch its first-ever cloud seeding trial to combat its persistent air pollution through artificial rain. The initiative is coordinated by IIT Kanpur and IMD Pune.

    • Advantages of Cloud Seeding

  • Air Pollution Mitigation: In cities like Delhi, artificial rain can wash down particulate matter and other pollutants, providing temporary relief from severe air pollution. 
  • Drought Mitigation and Water Resource Augmentation: States like Maharashtra and Karnataka have used cloud seeding to combat water shortages (e.g., “Project Meghdoot” and “Varshadhari”).
  • Forest Fire Control: By increasing moisture levels, cloud seeding can potentially reduce the risk and intensity of wildfires.
  • Science-backed Intervention: Several countries like China, Thailand, UAE, and USA (Texas, Nevada) use cloud seeding for weather control, drought mitigation, and even clearing skies during major events (e.g., 2008 Beijing Olympics).

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    India’s External Debt Rises to $736 Billion

    Context

  • India’s external debt rose to $736.3 billion, or 19.1 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP), at the end of March 2025 from $668.8 billion, or 18.5 per cent of GDP, a year ago.

    • Key trends in India’s External Debt

  • The long-term debt at end-March 2025 was placed at $601.9 billion, an increase of $60.6 billion over its level at end-March 2024.
  • The share of short-term debt in total external debt declined to 18.3 per cent at end-March 2025 from 19.1 per cent at end-March 2024.
  • However, the ratio of short-term debt (original maturity) to foreign exchange reserves increased to 20.1 per cent at the end of FY25.
  • The debt structure:Loans (34 per cent) remained the largest component of external debt, followed by currency and deposits (22.8 per cent), trade credit and advances (17.8 per cent), and debt securities (17.7 per cent).

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    China’s Expanding Strategic Presence in IOR is a Challenge for India: Parliament Committee Report

    Context

  • Parliament Committee Report has highlighted that China’s expanding strategic presence in the Indian Ocean Region is a challenge for India.

    • India’s Strategic Responses

  • Diplomatic and Security Leadership: India positions itself as first responder in disasters.
  • India is a preferred security partner in HADR (Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief), Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA), and development.
  • Launch of MAHASAGAR (Mutual and Holistic Advancement for Security and Growth for All in the Region) reflects India’s strategic rebranding in the IOR.
  • India earlier resisted external major powers’ presence, but now embraces partnerships with like-minded countries.

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    Maharashtra Scraps Three-Language Policy

    In News 

  • Maharashtra has withdrawn its plan to implement the three-language policy for Classes 1 to 5 in State government schools following strong opposition from academics, activists, and political parties.

    • What is the three-language formula?

  • The three-language formula was first proposed by the Kothari Commission (1964–66) and formally adopted in the 1968 National Policy on Education (NPE) under the Indira Gandhi government, aimed to promote linguistic diversity and national unity. 
  • National Education Policy (NEP, 2020) retains the three-language formula but offers greater flexibility, ensuring no language is imposed.
  • The older policy mandated the study of Hindi, English, and a modern Indian language (preferably a South Indian language) in Hindi-speaking states, and Hindi, English, and the regional language in non-Hindi-speaking states.
  • In contrast, NEP 2020 offers more flexibility, stating that no language will be imposed on any state. 

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    De-listing of Political Parties

    Context

  • The Election Commission of India (ECI) has initiated steps to de-list 345 Registered Unrecognised Political Parties (RUPPs) that have not contested elections in the last six years and whose offices could not be physically located.

    • Political Party Registration in India

  • Constitutional and Legal Basis:Article 19(1)(c) of the Indian Constitution guarantees the right to form associations, which includes the formation of political parties.
  • The Representation of the People Act, 1951, under Section 29A, empowers the Election Commission of India (ECI) to register political parties.

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    संक्षिप्त समाचार 30-06-2025

    संदर्भ 

  • चीन के चिंगदाओ में आयोजित शंघाई सहयोग संगठन (SCO) के रक्षा मंत्रियों की बैठक के दौरान भारत के रक्षा मंत्री ने अपने चीनी समकक्ष को मधुबनी पेंटिंग भेंट की।

    • मधुबनी चित्रकला के बारे में

  •  उत्पत्ति: मधुबनी चित्रकला, जिसे मिथिला चित्रकला भी कहा जाता है, बिहार के मिथिला क्षेत्र के मधुबनी जिले में उत्पन्न हुई।
  • तकनीक: परंपरागत रूप से यह चित्रकला महिलाओं द्वारा उंगलियों, टहनी, निब-पेन, माचिस की तिल्ली और ब्रश की सहायता से बनाई जाती है।

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    दिल्ली में कृत्रिम बारिश

    संदर्भ 

  • दिल्ली अपने प्रथम क्लाउड सीडिंग ट्रायल (कृत्रिम वर्षा प्रयोग) को शुरू करने जा रही है ताकि लगातार बनी रहने वाली वायु प्रदूषण की समस्या से निपटा जा सके।

    • कृत्रिम वर्षा क्या है? 

  • कृत्रिम वर्षा वह प्रक्रिया है जिसमें वर्षा को प्रेरित करने के लिए बादलों में कुछ विशेष रसायनों का छिड़काव किया जाता है, जिससे जल की बूंदों का निर्माण तीव्र होता है।
  • क्लाउड सीडिंग में प्रयुक्त रसायन: सिल्वर आयोडाइड (AgI)

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    भारत का विदेशी ऋण बढ़कर 736 अरब डॉलर पर पहुंचा

    संदर्भ 

  •  भारत का विदेशी ऋण मार्च 2025 के अंत तक बढ़कर $736.3 अरब (जीडीपी का 19.1 प्रतिशत) हो गया, जो एक साल पहले मार्च 2024 के अंत में $668.8 अरब (जीडीपी का 18.5 प्रतिशत) था।

    • विदेशी ऋण क्या है?

  •  विदेशी ऋण वह ऋण होता है जो किसी देश द्वारा विदेशी उधारदाताओं से लिया गया होता है — जिनमें संप्रभु सरकारें, अंतरराष्ट्रीय वित्तीय संस्थान, और निजी वाणिज्यिक इकाइयाँ शामिल होती हैं।
  • इसकी दो श्रेणियाँ होती हैं:
    दीर्घकालिक ऋण (मूल परिपक्वता अवधि एक वर्ष से अधिक)
    अल्पकालिक ऋण (मूल परिपक्वता अवधि एक वर्ष तक)

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