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Daily Current Affairs – 30 October, 2025

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    Cyclone Montha

    Context

  • Severe cyclonic storm Montha created destruction in Andhra Pradesh. 

    • What are Cyclones?

  • The word Cyclone is derived from the Greek word Cyclos meaning the coils of a snake.
  • It was coined by Henry Peddington because the tropical storms in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea appear like coiled serpents of the sea.
  • Cyclones are powerful, rotating storms that form over warm ocean waters, characterized by low pressure at the center and high winds.
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    Relocation of Forest-dwelling Communities

    In News

  • The Union Tribal Affairs Ministry has issued a policy mandating that relocation of forest-dwelling communities from tiger reserves must be “exceptional, voluntary, and evidence-based.

    • Background 

  • India’s tiger conservation strategy is moving from exclusionary “fortress conservation” to a rights-based, community-centred model. 
  • Historically, the creation of tiger reserves often displaced forest-dwelling communities, but the Union Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) now mandates that relocation must be a last resort, voluntary, scientifically justified, rights-compliant, and equitable.
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    NITI Aayog Releases Reports on India’s Services Sector

    Context

  • NITI Aayog released two reports titled India’s Service Sector: Insights from GVA trends and state-level dynamics and India’s Service Sector: Insights from employment trends and state-level dynamics.

    • Key Findings of GVA Trends

  • The services sector contributes around 55% of India’s GVA.
  • India is evolving from a “services-exporter nation” to a “services-driven economy” with strong domestic linkages.
  • High-growth subsectors include IT-BPM, finance, real estate, logistics, healthcare, and education.
  • Regional Trends: Southern and Western states (Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Gujarat) remain leaders, accounting for over 60% of India’s total services GVA.
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    CSE Assessment Finds Indian Soils Severely Deficient in Key Nutrients

    Context

  • Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) analysis of government data finds 64% of Indian soil samples low in nitrogen and nearly half low in organic carbon.

    • Major Findings

  • India’s soils are severely deficient in essential nutrients such as nitrogen and organic carbon. 
  • These deficiencies have serious implications for both crop productivity and climate change mitigation. 
  • Indian soils can sequester an estimated 6-7 teragram of carbon annually.
  • Limited scope of soil monitoring: Launched in 2015 under the National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture, the SHC scheme tests 12 chemical parameters in soil and issues nutrient-based recommendations to farmers. 
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    Indian Maritime Sector Has Seen Historic Progress: PM Modi

    Context

  • Recently, the Prime Minister of India, addressing the Maritime Leaders’ Conclave during India Maritime Week 2025, declared that India’s maritime sector has undergone ‘historic progress’, positioning the nation as a rising force in global maritime trade.

    • About the India’s Maritime Sector

  • Nearly 95% of India’s trade by volume and about 70% by value moves through maritime routes.
  • In FY 2024–25, major ports handled about 855 million tonnes of cargo, signaling robust growth in maritime trade and port efficiency.
  • The Maritime India Vision 2030 charts 150+ initiatives with projected investments of ₹3–3.5 lakh crore, supported by a recent ₹69,725 crore package for shipbuilding.
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    China’s Complaint Against India at WTO

    Context

  • China has filed a complaint with the World Trade Organization (WTO) against India. 

    • Law on subsidies in WTO

  • Legal Framework: Governed by the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM Agreement) under the WTO.
  • Sovereign Right vs. Fair Trade: While nations have the sovereign right to grant industrial subsidies to boost domestic industries, WTO law ensures these do not distort international trade or create unfair competition.
  • Unfair Competition: Arises when subsidies artificially enhance competitiveness of domestic industries in exports or against imports.
  • Article 1 (Definition of Subsidy): A subsidy exists when there is a financial contribution by a government or public body, and it confers a benefit on the recipient.
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    News in Short – 30 October, 2025

    In News

  • Hurricane Melissa made a catastrophic landfall in Jamaica, bringing extreme rainfall, storm surge, and potential structural collapse.

    • Hurricanes

  • It is also known as typhoons or cyclones depending on their location and are the most intense storms on Earth. 
  • Scientifically termed tropical cyclones, they all form through the same process, but only those originating in the Atlantic or eastern Pacific are called hurricanes.
  • A six-year rotating list of names, updated and maintained by the World Meteorological Organization, is used to identify these storms.
  • Names can be retired if storms cause significant damage or casualties, based on member consensus.
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