Syllabus: GS2/ Health
In News
- India experienced an increase in mortality risk from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) from 2010–2019.
Key Findings
- In India, overall NCD mortality between 2010 and 2019 increased by 2.1% for females and 0.1% for males compared to 2000–2010.
- The percentage of newborns dying from a chronic disease before they turn 80 years old was 46.7 per cent in females in 2001, 46.6 per cent in 2010 and in 2019 it was 48.7 per cent.
- Among men in 2001 it was 56 per cent, in 2010- it was 57.8 per cent and in 2019 it was 57.9 per cent.
What are Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)?
- About: They are chronic diseases that are not transmissible from person to person.
- Types: Heart attacks, stroke, cancers and diabetes.
- Causes of NCDs in India:
- Lifestyle Factors: Poor diet, lack of physical activity, tobacco and substance abuse drive up NCD rates.
- Environmental Factors: Urbanization, ageing population, poverty, and changing food habits play a major role.
- Other contributors: Pollution (ambient and indoor), chronic stress.
Major National Initiatives to Combat NCDs
- National Programme for Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases (NP-NCD): Launched in 2010, expanded in 2023, and focuses on early detection, management, and referral for NCDs like diabetes, heart disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease, kidney disease, and more.
- 75/25 Initiative: Launched in 2023, aims to provide standardized care to 75 million people with hypertension and diabetes by 2025.
- Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY): Provides coverage for tertiary NCD treatment and supports upgrading PHCs/Sub-Centres as Ayushman Arogya Mandirs.
- Eat Right India Movement: Led by FSSAI, this campaign promotes healthy eating to reduce NCD risk, focusing on food quality, balanced nutrition, and curbing trans fats.
- Fit India Movement: National campaign to promote physical fitness and active living, encouraging regular exercise for NCD prevention.
Source: IE
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