Over the last decade, India has built one of the largest skilling ecosystems in the world, yet skilling has not become a first-choice pathway for most young Indians.
About
The India Skills Report 2025 shows that only about 2% of graduates pursue additional skilling certifications after completing degrees.
Between 2015 and 2025, India’s flagship skilling programme, Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY), has trained and certified around 1.40 crore candidates, reflecting serious public investment and policy intent.
According to the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG), India’s states began FY24 with robust revenue inflows but closed the year facing increasing fiscal strain.
Major Findings
Total revenue receipts of states were at ₹37.93 lakh crore in FY24.
States’ own tax revenue formed the largest component at about 50%, followed by the share in Union taxes at nearly 30%, grants-in-aid at around 12% and non-tax revenue at just over 8%.
Over the past decade, the share of own tax revenue and tax devolution has steadily increased, while dependence on grants has declined.
Biomaterials are becoming a central focus in the development of materials for products as nations transition to more sustainable manufacturing methods.
Biomaterials
Biomaterials are materials derived wholly or partly from biological sources, or engineered using biological processes, that are designed to replace or interact with conventional materials.
They are increasingly used across sectors such as packaging, textiles, construction, and healthcare.
Common examples include bioplastics made from plant sugars or starch, bio-based fibres used in textiles, and medical biomaterials such as biodegradable sutures and tissue scaffolds.
Pakistani archaeologists found rare decorative stones and coins while excavating a UNESCO-listed site near the historic city of Takshashila.
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The discoveries were made at the ancient Bhir Mound, where experts unearthed decorative stones dating to the 6th century BC and coins from the 2nd century AD.
Metamorphic decorative stone identified as lapis lazuli, alongside the rare bronze coins attributed to the Kushan dynasty.
