Global Centre for Traditional Medicine (GCTM)

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    • Recently, the first-of-its-kind WHO Global Centre for Traditional Medicine (GCTM) was inaugurated in Jamnagar, Gujarat.

    What is Traditional Medicine?

    • The WHO describes traditional medicine as the total sum of the “knowledge, skills and practices indigenous and different cultures have used over time to maintain health and prevent, diagnose and treat physical and mental illness.
    • Its reach encompasses ancient practices such as acupuncture, ayurvedic medicine and herbal mixtures as well as modern medicines.
    • Traditional medicine in India is often defined as including practices and therapies such as yoga, Ayurveda, Siddha that have been part of Indian tradition historically, as well as others such as homoeopathy that became part of Indian tradition over the years.
    • Practices: Ayurveda and yoga are practised widely across the country.
      • The Siddha system is followed predominantly in Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
      • The Sowa-Rigpa system is practised mainly in Leh-Ladakh and Himalayan regions such as Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Darjeeling, Lahaul & Spiti.

    History of such collaborative efforts

    • In 2016, the Ministry of AYUSH signed a project collaboration agreement (PCA) with the WHO in the area of traditional medicine.
      • The aim was to create benchmarks for training in yoga, Ayurveda, Unani and Panchakarma, for traditional medicine practitioners.
      • The collaboration also aimed at promoting the quality and safety of traditional medicine and consumer protection by supporting WHO in the development and implementation of the WHO Traditional and Complementary Medicine Strategy.
    • At least 32 MoUs for undertaking collaborative research and development of traditional medicine have been signed with institutes, universities and organisations from the US, Germany, UK, Canada, Malaysia, Brazil, Australia, Austria, Tajikistan, Saudi Arabia, Ecuador, Japan, Indonesia, Reunion Island, Korea and Hungary.
    • A constituent laboratory of the CSIR-IHBT, Palampur has signed an MoU with National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan, to collaborate in areas of mutual interest, which include medicinal plants, bioactive molecules, and herbal formulations etc.
    • The CSIR and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation have signed an MoU to identify opportunities for scientific and technological research between researchers within and outside India, including collaborations with foundation-funded entities in the areas including traditional medicine as well as beyond.

     

    About GCTM

    • Establishment: India (Jamnagar) and the WHO.
      • Why Jamnagar?: Institute of Teaching and Research in Ayurveda (ITRA) in Jamnagar supported by the Gujarat government and financed by the central government, is the first university to offer education and training in the field of Ayurveda across the world.  
    • Aim: The GCTM will aim to focus on evidence-based research, innovation, and data analysis to optimise the contribution of traditional medicine to global health.
      • Its main focus will be to develop norms, standards and guidelines in technical areas relating to traditional medicine.
    • Significance of the centre: it will seek to set policies and standards on traditional medicine products and help countries create a comprehensive, safe, and high-quality health system.
    • The GCTM will support efforts to implement the WHO’s Traditional Medicine Strategy (2014-23): which aims to support nations in developing policies & action plans to strengthen the role of traditional medicine in pursuing the goal of universal health coverage.
      • According to WHO estimates, 80% of the world’s population uses traditional medicine.

    Challenges faced by traditional medicine

    • National health systems and strategies do not yet fully integrate traditional medicine workers, accredited courses and health facilities.
    • The WHO has stressed the need to conserve biodiversity and sustainability as about 40% of approved pharmaceutical products today derive from natural substances.
      • Examples are the discovery of aspirin drawn on traditional medicine formulations using the bark of the willow tree.
      • The contraceptive pill was developed from the roots of wild yam plants and child cancer treatments have been based on the rosy periwinkle.
    • The WHO has referred to modernisation of the ways traditional medicine is being studied: Artificial intelligence is now used to map evidence and trends in traditional medicine.
      • Functional magnetic resonance imaging is used to study brain activity and the relaxation response that is part of some traditional medicine therapies such as meditation and yoga.
    • Need to build standards: traditional medicine is also being extensively updated by mobile phone apps, online classes, and other technologies.
      • The GCTM will serve as a hub for other countries, and build standards on traditional medicine practices and products.

    Significance of the move

    • The WHO says 170 of its 194 WHO Member States have reported the use of traditional medicine, and these member states have asked for its support in creating a body of reliable evidence and data on traditional medicine practices and products.
    • Jamnagar centre will serve as the hub, and focus on building a solid evidence base for policies and help countries integrate it as appropriate into their health systems.

    Source: IE

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