The Supreme Court observed that if Rohingya refugees are found to be ‘foreigners’ under the Foreigners Act, they will be dealt with as per the law.
Who are the Rohingya refugees?
The Rohingya are a Muslim minority ethnic group with their roots in the Arakan kingdom in Myanmar.
The Rohingya are culturally and religiously distinct from the majority Buddhist population in Myanmar.
The Rohingya claim to have lived in Myanmar’s Rakhine State for generations, but successive governments in the country have disputed their ties, labelling them illegal immigrants from Bangladesh.
Myanmar has denied them citizenship since 1982, thus making them the world’s largest stateless population.
Chief Justice of India (CJI) Sanjiv Khanna has forwarded to the President and the Prime Minister the report of an in-house committee that investigated allegations against the Delhi High Court judge.
Judicial Precedents
K Veeraswami v. Union of India (1991): No criminal case can be registered against a judge of a high court or the Supreme Court without the prior permission of the Chief Justice of India.
The Additional District and Sessions Judge versus Registrar General, High Court Of Madhya Pradesh judgment, 2014: If a judge refuses to resign despite adverse findings by an in-house panel, the report must be forwarded to constitutional authorities for further action.
India's latest Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) data was released by the Registrar-General of India.
Recent Findings
Maternal Mortality Ratio in India dropped to 93 per 100,000 live births in 2019–21, down from 97 (2018–20) and 103 (2017–19).
The highest MMR occurs in the 20-29 age group, and the second highest in the 30-34 age group.
Several States, including Madhya Pradesh (175), Assam (167), Uttar Pradesh (151), Odisha (135), Chhattisgarh (132), West Bengal (109), and Haryana (106), have high MMRs.
Recently, India thwarted Pakistani aerial attacks along the western border through its air defence systems, and successfully neutralized an air defence system in Lahore, Pakistan.
About the Air Defence Systems
These are critical components of a nation’s security infrastructure, designed to detect, track, and neutralize aerial threats such as enemy aircraft, missiles, and drones.
These systems operate through layered defense mechanisms, combining radars, missile interceptors, electronic warfare tools, and command centers to safeguard airspace.
The Competition Commission of India (CCI) has notified the “Determination of Cost of Production Regulations, 2025”, replacing its 2009 framework.
Background: Predatory Pricing and Competition Law
Predatory pricing is defined under the Competition Act, 2002 as "the sale of goods or provision of services, at a price below the cost of production with a view to reduce competition or eliminate competitors."
Such practices are deemed abuse of dominant position under Section 4 of the Act.
The earlier Cost Regulations (2009) were increasingly seen as outdated amid the rise of digital markets, which involve complex pricing structures, cross-subsidies, and non-monetary value exchanges.
The Supreme Court expressed concern over the unregulated nature of Bitcoin trading in India, likening it to a “refined way of Hawala business.”
What is Bitcoin?
Bitcoin is a type of digital or virtual currency that uses cryptography for security, making it difficult to counterfeit or double-spend.
It operates on decentralized networks based on blockchain technology—a distributed ledger enforced by a network of computers.
Cryptocurrencies are typically not controlled by any central authority, which makes them theoretically immune to government interference or manipulation.
Kozhikode city has received global recognition by becoming a member of the World Health Organization’s Global Network for Age-friendly Cities and Communities (GNAFCC).
What is an Age-Friendly City?
An age-friendly city ensures that urban environments, infrastructure, and services are accessible and inclusive for older adults. It addresses challenges related to:
Accessible public spaces (parks, transportation, buildings),
Affordable and suitable housing, healthcare access and social support,
