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News in Short – 11 November, 2025

In News

  • The World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed an outbreak of Rift Valley Fever (RVF) affecting Mauritania and Senegal in Western Africa.

    • About Rift Valley Fever (RVF)

  • RVF derives its name from Kenya’s Rift Valley, where the disease was first recognised in the early 1930s.
  • It is caused by a Phlebovirus belonging to the Phenuiviridae family.
  • It primarily affects animals such as sheep, goats, cattle, and camels. 
  • Humans become infected through close contact with infected animals or by the bite of infected mosquitoes.

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    Altermagnetism

    Context

  • The discovery of altermagnetism has emerged as a new class of magnetic order.

    • Altermagnetism

  • It is rotating or mirror-flipping the crystal pattern matches sites in cancelling pairs, leaving no net magnetisation — thus bridging the gap between other two types.
  • In altermagnets, the magnetic moments of neighbouring atoms point in opposite directions — one up, the next down — just like in antiferromagnets.

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    Recurring Rail Tragedies in India

    Context

  • India has witnessed a worrying recurrence of train accidents caused by technical failures & human error in the recent.

    • What are the Major Causes of Accidents?

  • Staffing Shortages in Safety-Critical Roles: Out of the one million positions that are directly engaged in operations and maintenance, there are more than 1.5 lakh vacancies in safety/operational posts.
  • Infrastructure Constraint: Persistent concerns exist over delayed track renewal, outdated signalling systems, and frequent damage to signal and communication cables during maintenance and construction works — issues that the Railway Board has warned could have “catastrophic consequences.”
  • Inadequate Safety Systems: Slow deployment means that most of the routes remain without a KAVACH, leaving them vulnerable to human-error or signalling failures.
  • Human Error: It remains a key contributor like errors in signal setting, point switching, train control, fatigue due to long hours.

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    Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Rules, 2025

    In News

  • The Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has amended the Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues (Amendment) Rules, 2025 under the Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act, 1994.

    • Key Highlights

  • The amendment strengthens the National Organ Transplant Programme (NOTP) and streamlines functioning of corneal transplantation centres, while facilitating wider accessibility to eye donation and transplantation services across the country.
  • The amendment removes the mandatory requirement of Clinical Specular Microscope equipment in corneal transplantation centers, which was used earlier to assess corneal endothelial cell health. 

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    India and Vietnam: Strengthening Defence Ties

    Context

  • Recently, India and Vietnam convened the 15th Defence Policy Dialogue in Hanoi, reaffirming their commitment to deepening defence cooperation across traditional and emerging domains.

    • About India–Viet Nam Relationship

  • Evolution of Relations: India and Viet Nam share a long-standing bilateral relationship built on historical, cultural, and political foundations, rooted in the shared ideals of Mahatma Gandhi and President Ho Chi Minh.
  • India established full diplomatic relations with Viet Nam in 1972, and further evolved into political, economic, defence, cultural, and people-to-people cooperation.
  • 2016: Bilateral ties were elevated from a ‘Strategic Partnership’ to a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership. It was further defined by the ‘Joint Vision for Peace, Prosperity and People’ adopted during the Virtual Summit (2020).
  • 2022: 50th anniversary of diplomatic relations observed. 

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    River Bank Erosion

    Context

  • The Brahmaputra, Teesta, and Dharla rivers have become unpredictable, eroding land faster than ever before.

    • About Riverbank Erosion

  • Riverbank erosion is the wearing away of the banks of a river due to the continuous action of flowing water. 
  • It is a natural geomorphological process but can be accelerated by human activities or environmental changes.
  • When water flows along a river channel, it exerts shear stress on the riverbanks. 

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    Celebrating India–Bhutan Relations

    The Prime Minister of India’s visit to Bhutan to honour the 70th birth anniversary of Jigme Singye Wangchuck, the Fourth King of Bhutan (K4), affectionately called the ‘Bodhisattva King’, highlighting the India’s commitment to its ‘Neighbourhood First’ policy and its deep and enduring friendship between the two nations.

    संक्षिप्त समाचार 11-11-2025

    संदर्भ 

  • विश्व स्वास्थ्य संगठन (WHO) ने पश्चिमी अफ्रीका के मॉरिटानिया और सेनेगल में रिफ्ट वैली फीवर (RVF) के प्रकोप की पुष्टि की है।

    • रिफ्ट वैली फीवर (RVF) के बारे में

  • RVF का नाम केन्या की रिफ्ट वैली से लिया गया है, जहाँ इस बीमारी को प्रथम बार 1930 के दशक की शुरुआत में पहचाना गया था। 
  • यह फ्लेबोवायरस के कारण होता है, जो फेनुविरिडाए परिवार से संबंधित है।

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    अल्टरमैग्नेटिज्म

    संदर्भ 

  • अल्टरमैग्नेटिज़्म की खोज एक नए प्रकार के चुंबकीय क्रम के रूप में उभरी है।

    • चुंबकत्व और प्रकार 

  • चुंबकत्व आकर्षण या विकर्षण की वह शक्ति है जो कुछ विशेष पदार्थों — मुख्यतः लोहे, निकेल, कोबाल्ट या उनके मिश्र धातुओं — के बीच विद्युत आवेशों (जैसे इलेक्ट्रॉनों) की गति के कारण कार्य करती है। 
  • एक सदी से अधिक समय तक वैज्ञानिकों ने चुंबकत्व के केवल दो मुख्य प्रकारों को पहचाना था:

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    भारत में बार-बार होने वाली रेल त्रासदियाँ

    संदर्भ 

  • भारत ने हाल ही में तकनीकी विफलताओं और मानवीय त्रुटियों के कारण ट्रेन दुर्घटनाओं की चिंताजनक पुनरावृत्ति देखी है।

    • दुर्घटनाओं के प्रमुख कारण क्या हैं?

  • सुरक्षा-आवश्यक भूमिकाओं में स्टाफ की कमी: संचालन और रखरखाव में सीधे संलग्न 10 लाख पदों में से, सुरक्षा/संचालन पदों पर 1.5 लाख से अधिक रिक्तियाँ हैं।
  • बुनियादी ढाँचे की बाधाएँ: ट्रैक नवीनीकरण में देरी, पुरानी सिग्नलिंग प्रणाली, और रखरखाव व निर्माण कार्यों के दौरान सिग्नल व संचार केबलों को बार-बार होने वाली क्षति जैसी चिंताएँ बनी रहती हैं — जिनके बारे में रेलवे बोर्ड ने चेतावनी दी है कि इनके “विनाशकारी परिणाम” हो सकते हैं।

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