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Daily Current Affairs – 23 January, 2026

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    India, EU to Ink New Pact on Defence and Security

    Context

  • As per a EU’s senior diplomat, India and the European Union have agreed to sign a new Security and Defence Partnership covering maritime security, cybersecurity and counterterrorism.

    • About

  • The partnership will be signed during the visit of European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and European Council President Antonio Costa to India as chief guests at Republic Day celebrations.
  • The leaders will co-chair the 16th India-EU Summit with Prime Minister Narendra Modi. 
  • The two sides also plan to conclude a MoU on a comprehensive mobility framework, to facilitate the movement of students, seasonal workers, researchers and highly skilled professionals, and promote research and innovation.
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    Periyar’s Contributions to the Anti-caste Struggle and Vaikom Satyagraha

    Context

  • Periyar and other reformist leaders like him played a pivotal role in the struggle against untouchability.

    • About Periyar E. V. Ramasamy

  • Periyar E. V. Ramasamy (1879–1973) was a social reformer, rationalist thinker, and political activist from Tamil Nadu, best known for leading the Self-Respect Movement and laying the ideological foundations of Dravidian politics.
  • He rebelled against Brahminical dominance and gender and caste inequality in Tamil Nadu.
  • E.V. Ramasamy promoted the principles of rationalism, self-respect, women’s rights and eradication of caste. 
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    Global Water Bankruptcy: UN Report Signals a Post-crisis Era For Global Agriculture

    Context

  • Recently, the ‘Global Water Bankruptcy: Living Beyond Our Hydrological Means in the Post-Crisis Era’ was published by the United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health (UNU-INWEH) ahead of the UN Water Conference (2026).

    • What Is Water Bankruptcy?

  • Water bankruptcy is a persistent post-crisis condition of a human–water system where long-term water use has exceeded renewable inflows and safe depletion limits, resulting in irreversible or effectively irreversible degradation of water and ecosystem functions.
  • It means societies have withdrawn more water than nature can replenish, and degraded water quality and ecosystems to the point that previous levels of water availability can no longer be restored.
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    Western Disturbance

    Context

  • A powerful Western Disturbance has arrived and impacted northern India, bringing widespread rainfall, heavy snowfall, and thunderstorms to the region.

    • What is a Western Disturbance?

  • A Western Disturbance (WD) is an extra-tropical weather system that originates outside India and moves from west to east, bringing rain, snowfall, and storms to northern parts of the Indian subcontinent, especially during winter and early spring.
  • Origin and Formation:
  • Western disturbances originate over the Mediterranean region, Black Sea, or Caspian Sea.
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    Necessity for Groundwater Management in India 

    In News 

  • Recently, it has been highlighted that Population growth and development are straining groundwater, requiring sustainable management.

    • Groundwater  

  • Groundwater is freshwater stored underground in soil and rocks, which sustains rivers, streams, and wetland habitats.
  • Layers that store and transmit this water are called aquifers.
  • Groundwater can naturally feed springs and rivers or be extracted through wells, tube wells, and borewells.
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    Facts In News 23-01-2026

    Context

  • Recently, the Government of India has notified Greenhouse Gas Emission Intensity (GEI) targets for additional carbon-intensive sectors under the Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS).

    • About India’s Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS)

  • It forms the operational backbone of the Indian Carbon Market (ICM) that was notified in 2023 under the Energy Conservation (Amendment) Act, 2022.
  • It seeks to enable India’s transition toward a low-carbon economy, aligning with its net-zero commitment by 2070 and its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement.
  • Key objectives include reducing GHG emissions, facilitating carbon pricing, promoting sustainable growth, and enhancing global competitiveness.
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