Syllabus: GS3/Economy
Context
- As per the Commerce and Industry Ministry, India is now the seventh-largest coffee producer globally, with exports reaching 1.29 billion dollars in the last financial year.
- This is nearly double the 719 million dollars worth of exports in 2020-21.
About
- Top buyers include Italy, Belgium, and Russia.
- India primarily exports unroasted coffee beans, there is a growing demand for value-added products like roasted and instant coffee.
- Domestic consumption has also increased due to the rise of café culture, higher disposable incomes, and a growing preference for coffee over tea in India.
Coffee Production
- Brazil is the world’s largest coffee producer, contributing about 40% of global production, followed by Vietnam.
- India produces two types of coffee: Arabica and Robusta.
- Coffee is predominantly an export oriented commodity and 65% to 70% of coffee produced in the country is exported.
- Areas: Coffee is traditionally grown in the Western Ghats spread over Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
- It is also grown in the nontraditional areas of Andhra Pradesh and Odisha as well as in the North East states.
- Leading States: Karnataka leads in coffee production, followed by Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
Climatic Conditions
- Coffee plants thrive in temperatures ranging from 15°C to 24°C. Extreme temperatures outside this range can adversely affect growth and yield.
- India cultivates all of its coffee under a well-defined two-tier mixed shade canopy, comprising evergreen leguminous trees.
- Shade trees prevent soil erosion on a sloping terrain; they enrich the soil by recycling nutrients from deeper layers, protecting the coffee plant from seasonal fluctuations in temperature.
Coffee Board of India
- The Government of India established the ‘Coffee Board’ through a constitutional act “Coffee Act VII of 1942” under the administrative control of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
- The Board comprises 33 members including the Chairman and the Secretary & Chief Executive Officer.
- It is an organisation that promotes coffee production in India.
Source: AI
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