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Daily Current Affairs – 20 June, 2025

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    Magna Carta

    Context

  • The Magna Carta (Latin for “Great Charter”) was signed on June 15, 1215, at Runnymede Meadows near London.

    • Historical Context and Origin (1215)

  • Sealed on 15 June 1215 by King John of England, following pressure from English barons who sought to limit the king’s arbitrary power.
  • Barons, part of the feudal system, were key stakeholders as landholders providing knights and military service to the king.
  • The immediate cause of baronial rebellion was John's defeat at the Battle of Bouvines (1214) by King Philip II of France.
  • Long-term causes included military failures (loss of Normandy and Anjou in 1204) and heavy taxation imposed to finance campaigns.
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    Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)

    Context

  • Recently, a climate study found that if the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) collapses, Europe could face a dramatic and prolonged winter freeze, even in a world warmed by greenhouse gas emissions.

    • About Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)  

  • It is one of the most powerful and complex systems driving Earth’s climate. 
  • It is often likened to a giant conveyor belt that transports warm surface waters from the tropics northward and returns cold, dense water southward at depth.
  • It regulates temperatures across the Atlantic basin and plays a vital role in global climate stability, sea-level patterns, and marine ecosystems.
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    Increase in Oil Prices Amidst Iran-Israel Tensions 

    Context

  • Recent tensions between Iran and Israel have led to a spike in global oil prices.

    • About

  • In mid-June 2025, the renewed military flare-up between Iran and Israel sent shockwaves through energy markets. 
  • The Brent crude futures surged by nearly 9% on June 13 to $75.65 per barrel, peaking at $78.50, a near five-month high.
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    World Refugee Day 2025

    Context

  • 20th June is observed as World Refugee Day.

    • About

  • This international day is designated by the United Nations to honour refugees around the globe. 
  • It was first observed globally on 20 June 2001, to mark the 50th anniversary of the 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugees.
  • Formerly known as Africa Refugee Day, it was changed when the United Nations General Assembly declared it an international day in 2000.
  • According to the UN, every minute, 20 people leave everything to flee conflict, persecution, or terror, and World Refugee Day serves as an opportunity to build empathy and understanding for their predicament.
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    Rethinking Alcohol Control in India

    In News

  • India has recorded one of the highest rates of heavy episodic alcohol drinking, with lakhs needing clinical and social support.

    • Present status 

  • Alcohol and alcoholic beverages contain ethanol, which is a psychoactive and toxic substance with dependence-producing properties.
  • Alcohol has been widely used in many cultures for centuries, but it is associated with significant health risks and harms. 
  • The safe level of alcohol consumption is zero, yet 23% of Indian men and 1% of women consume alcohol (NFHS-5).
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    News In Short-20-06-2025

    Context

  • The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) will host a three-day international brainstorming conference in August on ways to decipher the Indus Valley script.

    • About

  • The Indus Valley Civilisation was discovered more than a 100 years ago in 1921 at Harappa, and was formally announced to the world in 1924 by John Marshall, the then Director-General of the ASI.
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