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Daily Current Affairs – 1 December, 2025

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    World AIDS Day

    Context

  • World AIDS Day is observed on December 1 every year.

    • About

  • It is observed every year to raise awareness about the HIV/AIDS epidemic. 
  • It was first marked in 1988 by the World Health Organization (WHO). 
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    Durand Line: The Fragile Frontier 

    Context

  • The collapse of peace talks between Pakistan and Afghanistan has brought renewed focus on the long-disputed Durand Line, one of South Asia’s most sensitive and contested borders.

    • Historical Background of the Durand Line

  • The Durand Line is a roughly 2,640-kilometre frontier from the Iran border in the west to the China border in the east, passing through the Karakoram mountains, Hindu Kush ranges, and the Registan desert.
  • It was delineated in 1893 through an agreement between Sir Henry Mortimer Durand, the Foreign Secretary of British India, and Emir Abdur Rahman Khan of Afghanistan.
  • The agreement divided Pashtun tribal lands, split ethnic communities, and transferred control of Balochistan to British India.
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    The Many Roles of Sugarcane in India and the World

    Context

  • A recent study, “The genomic footprints of wild Saccharum species trace domestication, diversification, and modern breeding of sugarcane”, analysed the genomes of 390 sugarcane varieties from Australia, Brazil, China, France, French Polynesia, India, Japan, and the US.

    • Findings

  • These plants were hybrids of a variety of genes, with multiple chromosomes in them (polyploidy).
  • Such polyploidy had occurred due to commercial transport by human breeders, who transported and sold sugarcane across various states in a country. 
  • Polyploidy is the heritable condition of possessing more than two complete sets of chromosomes. 
  • Upon genetic analysis, the researchers found that Arunachal Pradesh had the most diverse sugarcane breeds.
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    Rupee’s Depreciation: Global Volatility & Structural Concerns

    Context

  • Recent rupee’s depreciation against major currencies like the dollar, euro, and yen signals global volatility and deeper structural concerns.

    • About Rupees Depreciation

  • It refers to the decline in the value of the Indian rupee relative to foreign currencies, particularly the US dollar. 
  • It means that more rupees are needed to buy a unit of foreign currency, when the rupee depreciates.
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    Private Sector Entry in India’s Nuclear Sector

    Context

  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi has said that the government is moving towards opening up the nuclear sector for private players.

    • About

  • Traditionally, nuclear power plants in India have been owned and operated only by state-owned Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd (NPCIL) and its fully-owned subsidiary Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam (BHAVINI).
  • To allow private sector participation government has proposed amendments to key legislations;
  • Atomic Energy Act, 1962, a framework for nuclear energy development and regulation.
  • Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010, ensuring compensation mechanisms for nuclear incidents.
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    News In Short 1-12-2025

    Context

  • Scottish historian William Dalrymple has urged the Maharashtra government to bring greater visibility to the  lesser-known heritage sites around the Ellora Caves.

    • About 

  • Located in Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Maharashtra, the Ellora Caves are among India’s first UNESCO World Heritage sites.
  • The cave complex was carved between 600 CE and 1000 CE, spanning the rule of the Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, and Yadavas.
  • Religious Pluralism: The complex comprises 34 major caves, 12 Buddhist, 17 Hindu, and 5 Jain, demonstrating a unique period of interreligious harmony and artistic exchange.
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