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जैव प्रौद्योगिकी के युग में भारत की जैव सुरक्षा का उन्नयन

संदर्भ

  • जैव प्रौद्योगिकी में तीव्र प्रगति ने राज्य और गैर-राज्य कारकों द्वारा जैविक एजेंटों के जानबूझकर दुरुपयोग के जोखिम को बढ़ा दिया है, जिससे भारत की जैव सुरक्षा रूपरेखा को सुदृढ़ करना एक महत्वपूर्ण राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा प्राथमिकता बन गया है।

    • जैव सुरक्षा क्या है?

  • जैव सुरक्षा उन नीतियों, प्रथाओं और संस्थागत प्रणालियों का समूह है जिन्हें जैविक एजेंटों, विषाक्त पदार्थों या जैव प्रौद्योगिकियों के जानबूझकर दुरुपयोग को रोकने के लिए बनाया गया है।
  • जैव सुरक्षा मानव स्वास्थ्य से आगे बढ़कर पशु और पौधों के स्वास्थ्य को भी शामिल करती है।

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    दिल्ली का वायु प्रदूषण संकट: एक बढ़ती हुई सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्य चिंता

    दिल्ली की जहरीली वायु अब एक पूर्ण सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्य आपातकाल बन गई है, जहाँ स्थानीय उत्सर्जन और सर्दियों में फंसे प्रदूषक वर्षों में सबसे खराब AQI स्तर को चला रहे हैं।

    News In Short 16-12-2025

    Context

  • A commemorative postage stamp in honour of the king Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar II (Suvaran Maran) was released by Vice President C P Radhakrishnan.

    • About

  • Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar (705 AD-745 AD), also known as Suvaran Maran, was a ruler of the Mutharaiyar lineage, feudatories of the Pallavas. 
  • He belonged to the illustrious Mutharaiyar dynasty, which ruled the central regions of Tamil Nadu between the 7th and 9th centuries CE.
  • He ruled from Tiruchirappalli for nearly four decades and that his reign was marked by administrative stability, territorial expansion, cultural patronage, and military prowess.

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    Mangroves’ Cells Help Plants Survive in Saltwater

    Context

  • A new study published in Current Biology explains the cellular adaptations that enable mangrove species to tolerate extreme salt stress, offering insights for developing salt-tolerant crops in the future.

    • Key Highlights of the Study

  • Key cellular traits (not stomata-based): Mangroves do not rely on smaller or more numerous stomata to increase photosynthesis.
  • Instead, they exhibit: unusually small leaf epidermal pavement cells and thicker cell walls, which together give them more mechanical strength to tolerate low osmotic potentials.

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    Siliserh Lake and Kopra Jalashay Designated as New Ramsar Sites

    Context

  • India designated Siliserh Lake and Kopra Jalashay as its 95th and 96th Ramsar Sites, increasing the country’s total to 96, up from 26 in 2014.

    • What are the Wetlands?

  • The Ramsar Convention’s definition for wetlands includes: 
  • “areas of marsh, fen, peatland or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed six metres”. 
  • Human-made wetlands: Fish and shrimp ponds, farm ponds, irrigated agricultural land, salt pans, reservoirs, gravel pits, sewage farms and canals. 

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    Appointment to Chief Information Commissioner

    Context

  • The President of India administered the oath of office to Raj Kumar Goyal as the Chief Information Commissioner of the Central Information Commission.

    • About Central Information Commission

  • The Central Information Commission (CIC) is a statutory body in India, established under the provisions of the Right to Information Act (2005).
  • The Central Information Commission consists of a Chief Information Commissioner (CIC) and not more than ten Information Commissioners (IC). 
  • The members are appointed by the President on the recommendation of a Committee consisting of:

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    Dowry Eradication Urgent Constitutional, Social Necessity: SC

    In News

  • The Supreme Court issued systemic directions to strengthen enforcement of anti-dowry laws.
  • SC observed that dowry is a deep-rooted social evil cutting across communities and requires institutional accountability, not merely penal provisions.

    • SC Directions 

  • Judicial Monitoring: High Courts must monitor pending cases under IPC Sections 304-B (dowry death) and 498-A (cruelty) for expeditious disposal, with the judgment circulated for compliance review.
  • Administrative Enforcement: States must appoint and resource Dowry Prohibition Officers (DPOs) under Section 9 of the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961, disseminating their contact details widely. 
  • Capacity Building & Sensitisation: Police and judicial officers require periodic training on case sensitivity, distinguishing genuine claims from frivolous ones, while district administrations and Legal Services Authorities run grassroots awareness campaigns.

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    Viksit Bharat – Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin): VB G RAM G Bill, 2025

    Context

  • The Union Minister of Rural Development and Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare introduced the Viksit Bharat – Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin): VB G RAM G Bill, 2025 in Lok Sabha.

    • About

  • It will replace the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005 (MGNREGA).
  • The move will mark a shift from a “demand-driven framework” to a “supply-driven scheme”.

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    भारत में सार्वभौमिक स्वास्थ्य कवरेज की राह

    पाठ्यक्रम: GS2/स्वास्थ्य/GS3/अर्थव्यवस्था संदर्भ सार्वभौमिक स्वास्थ्य कवरेज क्या है? भारतीय संदर्भ में UHC की आवश्यकता भारत में UHC अपनाने की चुनौतियाँ वैश्विक अनुभव से सीख – WHO अल्मा-अता घोषणा (1978) ने UHC की नींव के रूप में प्राथमिक स्वास्थ्य देखभाल पर बल दिया।– कई पूर्वी एशियाई देशों ने बीमा दृष्टिकोण से UHC अपनाया, लेकिन समय के […]

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