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Author Archives: NEXT IAS Current Affairs Team

One Health Approach for an Interconnected World

Context

  • The rising incidence of zoonotic diseases and antimicrobial resistance has highlighted the need for a coordinated One Health approach to address human, animal, and environmental health risks.

    • What is the One Health Approach?

  • One Health is an integrated, unifying approach that aims to sustainably balance and optimize the health of people, animals and ecosystems.
  • It recognizes that the health of humans, domestic and wild animals, plants, and the wider environment (including ecosystems) are closely linked and interdependent.

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    News In Short 06-04-2026

    Context

  • The major ports of India handled 915.17 million tonnes (MT) of cargo in FY 2025–26, exceeding the target of 904 MT and recording a 7.06% year-on-year growth.

    • About

  • There are 14 major ports out of which 12 Major Ports are in Operation and 200 non-major ports (minor ports) in the country.
  • New ports: Vadhavan Port in Maharashtra and Galathea Bay Port in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, have been notified as Major Ports.
  • While the Major Ports are under the administrative control of the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, the non-major ports are under the jurisdiction of respective State Maritime Boards/ State Government.

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    BSF’s Proposal to Use Reptiles Along Bangladesh Border

    Context

  • The Border Security Force (BSF) is exploring the use of natural deterrents like snakes and crocodiles in riverine stretches of the India–Bangladesh Border, where fencing is not feasible.

    • India–Bangladesh Border: Key Facts

  • The India–Bangladesh border, stretching approximately 4,096.7 km, is India’s longest international boundary.
  • Out of this, around 3,232 km has been fenced, while about 864 km remains unfenced, including nearly 174 km of non-feasible gaps.
  • These gaps exist due to rivers (such as the Ichhamati, Raimangal, and Haribhanga), frequent flooding, and difficult terrain, especially in the Sundarbans region.

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    The Executive Office without a Limit

    Context

  • India has developed a convention limiting a third presidential term, but the Constitution places no such restriction on the Prime Minister’s tenure.

    • Restricting Executive Tenure

  • Restricting executive tenure means placing a constitutional or legal limit on the duration or number of terms an executive can hold office.
  • It ensures that no individual can remain in power indefinitely, promoting periodic leadership change.
  • Such restrictions are commonly found in presidential systems, like the United States, where the President is limited to two terms.

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    News In Short 04-04-2026

    Context

  • The possible emergence of El Niño conditions, along with global oil price shocks, has intensified concerns over rising inflation in India.

    • What is El Nino?

  • El Niño is the warming of seawater in the central-east Equatorial Pacific that occurs every few years. 
  • During El Niño, surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific rise, and trade winds, east-west winds that blow near the Equator, weaken. 

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    India–Australia ECTA Completes Four Years

    Context

  • The India–Australia Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement (Ind-Aus ECTA) has completed four years since its signing.

    • About

  • The agreement was signed on 2 April 2022 and has played a pivotal role in enhancing trade flows, fostering industry linkages, and creating new opportunities for businesses, entrepreneurs, and employment in both countries.
  • Key Provisions: India granted preferential market access on 70.3% of its tariff lines, covering 90.6% of trade value, while Australia granted preferential market access on 100% of its tariff lines, corresponding to 100% of imports from India.

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    Temporary Relief Measure in Special Economic Zones (SEZs)

    Context

  • The Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC) has introduced a temporary relief measure allowing manufacturing units in Special Economic Zones (SEZs) to sell goods in the Domestic Tariff Area (DTA) at concessional customs duty rates.

    • Rationale Behind the Current Policy Change

  • Global Trade Disruptions: SEZ units heavily depend on exports; disruptions affect viability.
  • Temporary relief ensures business continuity.
  • Level Playing Field: Concessional duties calibrated to avoid unfair advantage over DTA units.

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    Comparative Analysis of Present Energy Turmoil and 1973 Oil Crisis

    Context

  • The ongoing conflict in West Asia has disrupted global oil supply, particularly through the Strait of Hormuz, drawing comparisons with the 1973 Oil Shock.

    • 1973 Oil Crisis Vs Present Crisis

  • In 1973, the disruption was caused by coordinated action by Arab members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries.
  • It involved production cuts and targeted embargoes against Western nations.
  • In contrast, the present crisis is driven by geopolitical conflict affecting a critical transit chokepoint rather than coordinated production cuts.

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