Syllabus: GS2/ Health
In Context
- India is grappling with a burgeoning diabetes epidemic, with over 212 million individuals affected—a significant share of the global diabetes burden. To address this challenge, the “PPP plus PPP” model was introduced on World Diabetes Day (14th November).
“PPP plus PPP” model
The “PPP plus PPP” model is particularly relevant in addressing this crisis:
- Domestic PPPs in Diabetes Management
- Collaborating with pharmaceutical firms to manufacture affordable recombinant insulin.
- Engaging private hospitals and NGOs to conduct awareness campaigns and mass screenings.
- Establishing diabetes clinics in rural and semi-urban areas.
- International Collaborations
- Partnering with organizations like WHO and the International Diabetes Federation to refine care protocols.
- Leveraging AI and machine learning for predictive analytics and personalized treatment.
- Attracting investments for research and large-scale intervention programs.
About Diabetes or Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
- Brief:
- It is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. This condition arises when the body either doesn’t produce enough insulin or becomes resistant to the insulin it does produce.
- Types of Diabetes:
- Type 1 Diabetes: An autoimmune disorder where the body’s immune system attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
- Type 2 Diabetes: The most common type, often associated with lifestyle factors like obesity and sedentary lifestyle. The body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn’t produce enough.
- Gestational Diabetes: Develops during pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth.
- Symptoms: Frequent urination, Increased thirst, Excessive hunger, Blurred vision and Fatigue.
- Complications of Diabetes: Heart Disease, Stroke, Kidney Disease, Nerve Damage, Eye Damage (Retinopathy) etc
- Prevalence: Approximately 830 million people worldwide have diabetes, with a significant proportion residing in low- and middle-income countries.
- India has a substantial diabetes burden, with around 212 million people affected.
- WHO’s Target: The World Health Organization aims to halt the rise in diabetes and obesity by 2025.
Insulin and role of Insulin in controlling diabetes
- Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels. It acts like a key, unlocking cells to allow glucose (sugar) from the bloodstream to enter. This glucose is then used as energy for the body’s cells.
- In diabetes, either the body doesn’t produce enough insulin (type 1 diabetes) or the body’s cells don’t respond effectively to insulin (type 2 diabetes). As a result, glucose builds up in the bloodstream, leading to high blood sugar levels.
Government Initiatives to Combat Diabetes in India
- National Program for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Stroke (NPCDCS): This program focuses on early detection, prevention, and management of these non-communicable diseases, including diabetes.
- National Health Mission (NHM): This mission includes components for screening, early diagnosis, and treatment of diabetes. It also promotes healthy lifestyles and preventive measures.
- Ayushman Bharat – Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY): This health insurance scheme provides financial coverage for various medical treatments, including those related to diabetes.
- Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP): This scheme provides affordable generic medicines, including insulin, to the general public.
- National Diabetes Control Program: This program aims to reduce the burden of diabetes through early detection, treatment, and prevention.
Source: PIB
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