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Monthly Archives: September 2025

राज्यों की राजकोषीय स्थिति पर CAG रिपोर्ट: सार्वजनिक ऋण में दशकीय वृद्धि

संदर्भ 

  • भारत के 28 राज्यों की वित्तीय स्थिति पर नियंत्रक और महालेखा परीक्षक (CAG) ने एक दशक का विश्लेषण जारी किया है, जिसमें सार्वजनिक ऋण में तीव्र वृद्धि को उजागर किया गया है।

    • रिपोर्ट के मुख्य निष्कर्ष 

  • ऋण वृद्धि: राज्यों का संयुक्त सार्वजनिक ऋण ₹17.57 लाख करोड़ (2013-14) से बढ़कर ₹59.60 लाख करोड़ (2022-23) हो गया। GSDP के अनुपात में ऋण 16.66% (2013-14) से बढ़कर 22.96% (2022-23) हो गया।
  • वित्त वर्ष 2022-23 में राज्यों का कुल ऋण भारत की GDP का 22.17% था।

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    भारत में नवाचार: सबसे बड़े समताकारी के रूप में

    हालिया नवाचार — विशेष रूप से डिजिटल नवाचार — भारत में एक शक्तिशाली समानता स्थापित करने वाले तत्व के रूप में उभरा है, जिसने शासन को रूपांतरित किया है, नागरिकों को सशक्त बनाया है और अवसरों तक पहुंच को पुनर्परिभाषित किया है।

    News In Short – 19 September, 2025

    Context

  • Seven natural heritage sites from across India have been included in UNESCO’s Tentative List of World Heritage Sites, increasing India’s count on the Tentative List from 62 to 69 properties.

    • Newly Added Sites

  • Deccan Traps at Panchgani and Mahabaleshwar, Maharashtra: The sites form part of the massive Deccan Traps and are located within the Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary, already a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
  • Geological Heritage of St. Mary’s Island Cluster, Karnataka: Known for its rare columnar basaltic rock formations, this island cluster dates back to the Late Cretaceous period, offering a geological snapshot from around 85 million years ago.
  • Meghalayan Age Caves, Meghalaya: The stunning cave systems of Meghalaya, particularly the Mawmluh Cave, serve as the global reference point for the Meghalayan Age in the Holocene Epoch, reflecting significant climate and geological transitions.
  • Naga Hill Ophiolite, Nagaland: A rare exposure of ophiolite rocks, these hills represent oceanic crust uplifted onto continental plates—offering deep insights into tectonic processes and mid-ocean ridge dynamics.

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    Army Scales Up Drone Induction

    In News

  • The Indian Army is rapidly expanding its drone and counter-drone capabilities, with multiple units operational and training centers.

    • About Indian Army’s Plans

  • The Indian Army plans to set up drone training centers at 19 major training institutions, including the Indian Military Academy, Infantry School, and Officers Training Academy, to integrate drone training into the standard curriculum for all ranks. 
  • Army Chief General Upendra Dwivedi announced that every infantry battalion will have a drone platoon, artillery units will get counter-drone systems, and new precision batteries will be raised, highlighting the growing importance of unmanned systems in modern warfare.

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    Analog Experiments: Attempt to Simulate Space on Earth

    Context

  • Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is conducting a series of analog experiments (Gyanex) to test human endurance, refine mission protocols, and validate technologies, as India prepares for its first human spaceflight mission under the Gaganyaan Programme.

    • Strategic Purposes of These Experiments

  • Human Readiness: Preparing astronauts for long-duration space travel
  • Technology Validation: Testing equipment and protocols in realistic conditions
  • Scientific Research: Understanding human health risks in space-like environments
  • Global Competitiveness: Matching international standards in space exploration.

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    Artificial Intelligence as a Catalyst For Trade Growth

    Context

  • The World Trade Organization’s (WTO) World Trade Report 2025 found that Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to boost global trade by up to nearly 40 per cent over the next 15 years, provided critical policy and infrastructure gaps are plugged.

    • AI as a Driver of Trade-Led Growth

  • Trade facilitation: AI in logistics and customs can reduce trade costs by up to 15%, according to WTO simulations.
  • Productivity boost: AI-driven automation enhances efficiency across manufacturing and services, expanding competitiveness.
  • Digitally deliverable services: Legal-tech, AI-driven coding, telemedicine, and e-learning are projected to grow by over 40% by 2040.
  • AI-enabling goods: Trade in chips, servers, and sensors forms the backbone of the AI economy, valued at USD 2.3 trillion (2023).

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    Why did India Condemn the Doha Strike?

    Context

  • India’s recent condemnation of Israel’s bombing in Doha is a shift from its more muted positions on previous Israeli operations in other countries.

    • About

  • Israeli Defence Forces (IDF) bombed a home in Doha, Qatar, where Hamas leaders were reportedly meeting in the U.S.-proposed ceasefire plan.
  • Israel PM Netanyahu claimed the strike was “justified,” accusing Qatar of “harbouring and funding” Hamas operatives.
  • India condemned the violation of the sovereignty of Qatar.
  • The statements are in stark contrast to India’s reactions to Israel’s bombings of several other countries in the region, including Lebanon, Yemen, Tunisia, Syria, and Iran.

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    Closing Gender Gaps Holds the Key to Ending Poverty

    Context

  • The UN Gender Snapshot 2025, released by UN Women and UN DESA, highlights that without urgent action more than 351 million women and girls could remain in extreme poverty by 2030.

    • Key Findings

  • Persistent Poverty: Female poverty has remained stuck at 10% since 2020. Climate change and conflict are worsening vulnerabilities.
  • Work and Representation: Women spend 2.5 times more hours on unpaid domestic and care work than men. They hold less than one-third of parliamentary seats worldwide.
  • 102 countries have never had a woman head of state or government.
  • Digital Divide: In 2024, 70% of men used the internet compared to 65% of women.

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