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    भारत के महानगरों में भूमि धंसाव का खतरा

    संदर्भ 

  • हाल ही में प्रकाशित अध्ययन “डूबते भारतीय महानगरों में भवन क्षति का जोखिम” में खुलासा हुआ है कि भारत के पाँच प्रमुख शहरों—दिल्ली, चेन्नई, मुंबई, कोलकाता और बेंगलुरु—में लगभग 878 वर्ग किलोमीटर भूमि धंस रही है।

    • भूमि धंसना क्या है? 

  • नेशनल ओशैनिक एंड एटमॉस्फेरिक एडमिनिस्ट्रेशन (NOAA) के अनुसार, भूमि धंसाव पृथ्वी की सतह का धीरे-धीरे नीचे जाना, झुकना या गिरना है, जो उपसतही सामग्री जैसे मृदा, भूजल या खनिजों की हानि या निष्कर्षण के कारण होता है। 
  • यह प्राकृतिक रूप से (कार्स्ट प्रक्रियाएँ, टेक्टोनिक गतिविधियाँ या मृदा का संकुचन) या मानव गतिविधियों (खनन या निर्माण कार्य) से प्रेरित हो सकता है। 
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    आर्य समाज की स्थापना के 150 वर्ष

    संदर्भ 

  • प्रधानमंत्री ने नई दिल्ली में आयोजित अंतर्राष्ट्रीय आर्य महासम्मेलन 2025 को संबोधित किया, जिसमें उन्होंने सामाजिक सुधार, शिक्षा और वैदिक चिंतन में आर्य समाज की 150 वर्षों की विरासत की सराहना की।

    • आर्य समाज के बारे में 

  • भारत के मुख्य न्यायाधीश और सर्वोच्च न्यायालय के अन्य न्यायाधीशों की नियुक्ति भारतीय संविधान के अनुच्छेद 124 की धारा (2) के अंतर्गत राष्ट्रपति द्वारा की जाती है।  
  • इस आंदोलन के मूल सिद्धांत वेदों की अचूकता पर आधारित हैं, जो तर्कशीलता और वैदिक मूल्यों की ओर लौटने पर बल देते हैं। 
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    News in Short – 31 October, 2025

    In News

  • Justice Surya Kant took over as 53rd Chief Justice of India and he will assume office on November 24, 2025, succeeding Chief Justice BR Gavai.

    • Appointment of Chief Justice of India

  • The Chief Justice of India and the other judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President under clause (2) of Article 124 of the Indian Constitution. 
  • The Chief Justice of India is typically the senior-most Supreme Court judge deemed fit for the role.
  • The Union Law Minister seeks the outgoing CJI’s recommendation, which is then forwarded to the Prime Minister, who advises the President for final appointment.
  • For other judges, the collegium recommends candidates, with written opinions from senior judges.
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    India Targets Record 6 GW Wind Energy Addition by FY 2026

    Context

  • The Union Minister for New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) announced that 6 gigawatts (GW) of new wind capacity is expected to be added by the end of financial year 2025–26.

    • Wind Energy in India

  • India currently has the fourth highest wind installed capacity in the world with total installed capacity of 51.67 GW (as of August 12, 2025) of which 4.15 GW was added during FY 2024-25.
  • Wind power generated 78.21 billion units of electricity during April 2024 to February 2025, contributing 4.69% of total electricity generated in the country.
  • As per National Institute of Wind Energy, the estimated wind potential of the country is 1,164 GW at 150 meters above ground level.
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    US Waiver to India on Chahbahar Port

    Context

  • India has received a waiver on the United States’ sanctions against Iran’s Chabahar port for a period of six months.

    • Background

  • India and Iran signed an MoU in 2015 to jointly develop the Shahid Beheshti Port at Chabahar.
  • Aim: To develop a major commercial hub helping India access the markets of Afghanistan, the Central Asian states, and Russia. 
  • Sanctions: The port’s prospects came under a cloud due to Western sanctions against Iran but in 2018, the first Trump administration gave a waiver to Indian operations.
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    US-China Meeting

    Context

  • The summit between the U.S. and China in Busan, South Korea ended with several outcomes for bilateral ties between the two countries.

    • Major Outcomes

  • The U.S. has reduced tariffs on China to 47%, making India (and Brazil) at 50%, the highest tariffed country.  
  • China has agreed to keep exports of rare earth minerals (used in a range of key global industries) flowing to the world as part of a one-year agreement.
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    Curriculum on AI to be Introduced in All Schools

    Context

  • Recently, the Ministry of Education announced that an Artificial Intelligence (AI) curriculum would be introduced from Class 3 onwards for the next academic year (2026-27).

    • About

  • The Department is supporting institutions such as CBSE, NCERT, KVS, and NVS, along with States and Union Territories.
  • Aim: Designing a meaningful and inclusive curriculum under the broad ambit of the National Curriculum Framework for School Education.
  • Artificial Intelligence and Computational Thinking (AI & CT) will reinforce the concept of learning, thinking, and teaching, and will gradually expand towards the idea of “AI for Public Good.” 
  • Training: Teacher training through NISHTHA and other institutions, designed to be grade-specific and time-bound.
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