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    News In Short 12-12-2025

    In News

  • The Supreme Court has expanded the jurisdiction ofInternal Complaints Committees (ICCs) under theSexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 (POSH Act),
  • SC said that the complaints to be filed not just at the accused's workplace but also at the complainant's workplace or any employment-related site.

    • About POSH

  • Origin: Enacted following the Supreme Court's Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan judgment (1997), which laid down binding guidelines to fill the legislative vacuum on workplace sexual harassment.
  • Scope and Coverage: The Act applies to all workplaces, including government offices, private sectors, NGOs, educational institutions, hospitals, sports bodies, and unorganized sectors, extending protection even to domestic workers in residences used for employment
  • Institutional Framework: Every organization with 10 or more employees must constitute an Internal Complaints Committee (ICC), with the presiding officer and at least half the members being women, including an external NGO expert.
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    Savings Shift Reshapes India’s Markets

    Context

  • Domestic household savings are replacing Foreign Portfolio Investors (FPIs) as the dominant market force in India.

    • About

  • The latest NSE (National Stock Exchange) Market Pulse report shows Foreign Portfolio Investor (FPI) ownership of Indian equities at a 15-month low of 16.9% and 24.1% in the NIFTY 50. 
  • Meanwhile, domestic Mutual Funds (MFs) are hitting new highs quarter after quarter.
  • Systematic Investment Plans (SIPs) are bringing in record inflows, and individual investors, through direct holdings and MFs, now own nearly 19% of the market, the highest in over two decades.
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    Mexico Imposes up to 50% Tariff on Imports From India and China

    Context

  • Mexico has approved tariffs of up to 50% on imports from non-FTA partners, including India, effective from April 1, 2026.

    • What is Trade Protectionism?

  • Trade protectionism refers to policy measures, such as tariffs, quotas, import licensing, local content rules, aimed at shielding domestic industries from foreign competition.
  • Drivers of the current wave of protectionism include:
  • Slowing global growth and supply-chain vulnerabilities.
  • Strategic reshoring by major economies like the U.S. and EU.
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    India’s Nuclear Power Generation Reaches Record High in FY 2024-25

    Context

  • According to the Department of Atomic Energy, NPCIL has, for the first time, crossed 50 billion units (BUs) of electricity generation in FY 2024–25.

    • Nuclear Power in India

  • India operates one of the world’s most unique nuclear programmes based on a three-stage nuclear strategy designed to utilise India’s abundant thorium reserves.
  • The current installed nuclear power capacity in the country is around 8.78 GW, spread across 24 nuclear power reactors.
  • As of July 2025, nuclear energy contributes around 3.1 % of total electricity generation.
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    China’s $1 Trillion Trade Surplus: Impacts Over World & On India

    Context

  • Recently, China’s trade surplus surpassed $1 trillion in the first eleven months of 2025, underscoring China’s dominance in global manufacturing and exports.
  • It also reveals underlying economic vulnerabilities and global trade distortions.

    • Milestone and Its Meaning of $1 Trillion Trade Surplus

  • It is the culmination of two decades of industrial scaling and policy continuity of China including the tightly integrated supply chains, infrastructure depth, and manufacturing ecosystem. 
  • It is added by weaker Renminbi (exchange rate effects), but the fundamental driver remains production strength.
  • It comes amid weak domestic demand and a volatile global trade environment.
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    The Stark Reality of Educational Costs in India

    Published on: 12th December, 2025

    The NSS 80th Round (2025) findings highlight a troubling trend in India’s basic schooling landscape: despite constitutional guarantees the Right to Free and Compulsory Education for all children aged 6 to 14 years under Article 21A and policy ambitions (National Education Policy 2020), household expenditure on education is rising, and access is becoming increasingly unequal due to growing reliance on private schools and coaching .

    News In Short 11-12-2025

    In News

  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi honoured  the courage of those who participated in the historic Assam Movement on Swahid Diwas.

    • Swahid Diwas 

  • It is observed annually on December 10 to honour those who sacrificed their lives during the Assam Movement – a mass agitation launched in 1979 by the Assam Students’ Union (ASU) and the All Assam Gana Sangram Parishad (AAGSP) against large-scale infiltration from Bangladesh. 
  • The movement culminated in 1985 with the signing of the historic Assam Accord, ensuring detection and deportation of illegal foreigners and guaranteeing constitutional, legislative, and administrative safeguards to protect Assamese identity, culture, and heritage.
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    Global Environment Outlook

    Context

  • The Global Environment Outlook, Seventh Edition: A Future We Choose (GEO-7), was released during the seventh session of the United Nations Environment Assembly in Nairobi.

    • About

  • GEO-7 is UNEP's flagship assessment published for the first time in 1997. 
  • It is a major scientific report that reviews the planet’s environmental health, policy effectiveness, and future trends, providing crucial, participatory, science-based data to guide global environmental action and policy.
    • Read More
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