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India’s Domination of Global Rice Trade Stokes Looming Water Crisis

Context

  • India is the world’s largest rice exporter despite being a highly water-stressed country which represents a policy paradox.

    • About

  • India overtook China as the world’s largest rice producer and now accounts for ~40% of global rice exports.
  • Rice exports crossed 20 million metric tonnes in the latest fiscal year.
  • India exports rice to 179 other countries.

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    100 Years of Quantum Mechanics

    Context

  • 2025 has been declared the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology by UNESCO, marking 100 years since the formal development of quantum mechanics in 1925.
  • The milestone commemorates the Helgoland breakthrough by Werner Heisenberg, which laid the foundations of modern quantum theory.

    • What is Quantum Mechanics?

  • Quantum mechanics is the branch of physics that explains the behaviour of matter and energy at atomic and subatomic scales.
  • It departs from classical Newtonian physics and is based on principles such as quantisation of energy, wave–particle duality, uncertainty, and superposition.
  • It explains how extremely small objects simultaneously have the characteristics of both particles (tiny pieces of matter) and waves (a disturbance or variation that transfers energy).

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    Ministry tells Social Media Platforms to Block Obscene Content

    Context

  • The government has issued a fresh advisory to social media platforms to be stricter in taking down obscene, vulgar, pornographic and other illegal content from their platforms.

    • About

  • Reason: The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) has repeatedly received complaints that certain content circulating online does not comply with laws on decency and obscenity.
  • Under the IT Rules, 2021, platforms are required to make “reasonable efforts” to ensure that users do not upload or share content that is obscene, pornographic or illegal. 
  • MeitY asked platforms to ensure that users have easy access to reporting and grievance redressal systems. 

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    Abhinav Bindra-led Panel Flags Systemic Gaps in Indian Sports Governance

    Context

  • Recently, a government-empowered task force led by Olympic gold medallist Abhinav Bindra has revealed serious systemic weaknesses and structural deficiencies within India’s sports governance framework.

    • Key Findings: A System Under Strain

  • Systemic Deficiencies in Key Sports Institutions: India’s major sports institutions, including the Sports Authority of India (SAI) and state sports departments, suffer from chronic understaffing, poor inter-agency coordination, and excessive reliance on generalist civil servants or short-term contractual employees lacking domain expertise.
  • These shortcomings impede the effective implementation of national sports policies, weaken coordination with federations, and undermine India’s capacity to build a modern, athlete-centric ecosystem.
  • Absence of Professional Sports Administration Framework: India is lacking a national institute or structured framework for sports administration and governance.

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    India’s 2025 Economic Reforms

    Context

  • Economic reforms in 2025 reflect a maturing phase of India’s governance, where the emphasis shifted decisively from “expanding regulatory frameworks” to “delivering measurable outcomes”.

    • Income Tax Reforms

  • The Union Budget 2025-26 exempted the annual incomes up to ₹12 lakh from income tax under the new regime, with the effective exemption rising to ₹12.75 lakh for salaried taxpayers on account of the standard deduction.
  • The Government announced a comprehensive overhaul of the Income-tax Act, 1961, resulting in the New Income Tax Act, 2025. 
  • The Act strengthens digital-first enforcement, faceless tax administration, consolidates compliance provisions such as Tax Deducted at Source (TDS) under a single section etc.

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    A Multipolar World with Bipolar Characteristics

    Published on: 31th December, 2025

    The world is no longer led by a single superpower but is increasingly shaped by a renewed bipolar dynamic between the United States and China, even as it moves toward greater multipolarity, underscoring the need for deeper multilateralism.

    भारत के 2025 के आर्थिक सुधार

    संदर्भ

  • 2025 में आर्थिक सुधार भारत की शासन व्यवस्था के परिपक्व चरण को दर्शाते हैं, जहाँ प्राथमिकता “नियामक ढाँचे का विस्तार” से हटकर “मापने योग्य परिणाम देने” पर दृढ़ता से स्थानांतरित हुई।

    •  आयकर सुधार

  • सरकार ने आयकर अधिनियम, 1961 का व्यापक पुनर्गठन कर नया आयकर अधिनियम, 2025 लागू किया।
  • यह अधिनियम डिजिटल-प्रथम प्रवर्तन, फेसलेस कर प्रशासन को सुदृढ़ करता है, अनुपालन प्रावधानों जैसे स्रोत पर कर कटौती (TDS) को एक ही धारा में समेकित करता है आदि।

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    News In Short 30-12-2025

    Context

  • The Sabarimala Ayyappa temple will reopen on 30 December for the Makaravilakku festival, marking the second phase of the annual pilgrimage season.

    • About Makaravilakku Festival

  • Makara Vilakku is one of Kerala’s most sacred festivals, celebrated annually at the Sabarimala Ayyappa Temple.
  • It is observed on the first day of Makara Masam in the Malayalam calendar, coinciding with Makara Sankranti. 
  • On this divine day, devotees gather to witness two powerful events:

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    Countries Raise Concern About ‘Fake Rabies Vaccine’ in India

    Context

  • Recently countries like the UK, US, and Australia have issued an advisory about the counterfeit batch of Abhayrab, a rabies vaccine manufactured by government-owned Indian Immunologicals Limited (IIL). 

    • About Abhayrab Counterfeit Controversy

  • Abhayrab is a cell‑culture rabies vaccine manufactured by Indian Immunologicals Limited (IIL), in use since 2000 in India and over 40 countries.
  • It reportedly holds around 40% of India’s human rabies vaccine market and is widely used in government programmes, private hospitals, and for travellers.
  • Indian Immunologicals Limited (IIL) stated that in January 2025, it detected one counterfeit batch with altered packaging.

    • Read More

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