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आधुनिक, असममित और हाइब्रिड वॉरफेयर

यूक्रेन द्वारा ऑपरेशन स्पाइडरवेब के अंतर्गत किए गए असमान्य (Asymmetric) हमले, जिसमें रूसी हवाई अड्डों पर लंबी दूरी के ड्रोन हमले शामिल थे, ने व्यापक ध्यान आकर्षित किया और आधुनिक वॉरफेयर के महत्त्वपूर्ण सबक सिखाए।

News In Short-2-06-2025

In News

  • Karnataka’s Minister of Forest, Ecology, and Environment has ordered a study on the carrying capacity of the Western Ghats following landslips in Dakshina Kannada, Kodagu, and other areas during pre-monsoon rains.

    • Western Ghats

  • They are older than the Himalayas and  are a mountain range of immense global importance.
  • They are known for their unique geomorphic, ecological, and climatic influence on the Indian subcontinent.
  •  They affect monsoon weather patterns and moderate the tropical climate.
  • They are recognized as one of the world’s eight ‘hottest hotspots’ of biodiversity.
  • They pass through the states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala.
  • They are an example of Block Mountains formed as land warped into the Arabian Sea. 
  • They  are a biodiversity hot spot, a biologically rich but threatened region, and a UNESCO World Heritage site. 
  • They are home to exceptionally high levels of endemism and at least 325 globally threatened species, including plants, mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and fish. 

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    Regulating India’s Virtual Digital Assets Revolution

    In News

  • India leads in grassroots crypto adoption, with $6.6 billion invested by retail investors and 800,000 jobs expected by 2030, but faces unclear and challenging Virtual Digital Assets regulations.

    • Challenges 

  • India’s strict capital controls and regulated payment systems clash with the decentralized nature of Virtual Digital Assets (VDAs). 
  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) raised concerns early on, banning financial institutions from crypto dealings in 2018—a ban overturned by courts in 2020. 
  • The government then introduced taxation measures in 2022, including a 1% TDS on VDA transactions above ₹10,000 and a 30% capital gains tax without loss offsetting. 
  • Despite these efforts, most trading shifted offshore, resulting in significant tax revenue losses (over ₹2,488 crore) and high volumes on non-compliant platforms. 

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    Pharma Freebies Under Scrutiny

    Context

  • The Centre has asked pharma companies for details of expenditure on marketing in the last one year.

    • About

  • The Union government is keeping a close watch on the marketing practice of pharmaceutical companies amid reports of these companies continuing to offer a range of freebies to doctors.
  • The Uniform Code for Pharmaceutical Marketing Practices (UCPMP) is being implemented to check unethical marketing practices.
  • The details sought by the Department of Pharmaceuticals (DoP) have to be submitted by 31 July, failing which action will be taken against them.

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    Drone Warfare: Ukraine Drone Attack on Russia

    Context

  • Under its ‘Operation Spider’s Web’, Ukraine launched first-person view (FPV) drone attacks on five airbases across Russia.

    • First-person View Drones

  • FPV or first-person view drones are smaller in size and have cameras built in on the front, which sends live video to the operator. 
  • This enables precise flying and manoeuvrability by the operator from a remote location, almost like an aircraft. 
  • These drones used Russian mobile-telephone networks to relay their footage back to Ukraine.

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    NAKSHA Initiative

    Context

  • The Ministry of Rural Development launched the second phase of the NAKSHA (NAtional geospatial Knowledge-based land Survey of urban HAbitations) programme.

    • Why India Needs a NAKSHA-like Programme for Land Management?

  • Fragmented Land Records System: India has a state-specific, inconsistent system of land record-keeping, often using outdated manual records causing ownership disputes, legal uncertainty for buyers, investors, and institutions.
  • Land Disputes and Litigation: Over 66% of civil cases in Indian courts are land/property-related. Lack of digitised, tamper-proof land maps is a key cause.
  • Urbanisation & Infrastructure Push: As per the 2023-24 Economic Survey, nearly 40% of India’s population is expected to be living in urban areas by 2030. Streamlining land and property record systems is essential for the planned development of cities.
  • Boost to Agrarian Reforms: Digitised khasra maps linked with land records can support: easy credit access, crop insurance schemes, PM-KISAN & other DBT initiatives. 

    • Read More

    Safeguarding Personality and Publicity Rights

    Context

  • Recently, the Delhi High Court has issued a ruling safeguarding the personality and publicity rights of the founder of Isha Foundation.

    • Judicial Precedents

  • Jackie Shroff Case (2024): Delhi HC restrained unauthorised use of his persona by AI chatbots and e-commerce platforms.
  • Krishna Kishore Singh v. Sarla A. Saraogi (2021): SC held that publicity rights are distinct from privacy rights and can outlive the individual.
  • Arun Jaitley v. Network Solutions Pvt. Ltd. (2011): Delhi HC acknowledged the commercial significance of one’s name, especially in the digital space.

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    Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya’s Philosophy of ‘Integral Humanism’

    In Context

  • 2025 marks the 60th anniversary of Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya’s philosophy of ‘Integral Humanism’.

    • About

  • In the post-colonial search for an indigenous philosophy of governance, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya (1916–1968) introduced the doctrine of Integral Humanism (Ekatma Manav Darshan) in 1965. 
  • This ideology aimed to balance material progress with spiritual upliftment and redefine development from an Indian civilisational perspective.

    • Read More

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