संदर्भ 

रक्षा मंत्री राजनाथ सिंह ने लखनऊ में आयोजित अंतर्राष्ट्रीय मुख्य न्यायाधीश सम्मेलन में वैश्विक संघर्षों और मानवीय संकटों का प्रभावी समाधान करने हेतु संयुक्त राष्ट्र (UN) एवं अंतर्राष्ट्रीय व्यवस्था में सुधार की आवश्यकता पर बल दिया।

सुधार की आवश्यकता 

पुरानी शक्ति संरचनाएँ : संयुक्त राष्ट्र सुरक्षा परिषद (UNSC) अब भी 1945 की शक्ति वितरण व्यवस्था को दर्शाती है:

पाँच स्थायी सदस्य (P5) जिनके पास वीटो शक्ति है (वीटो ने बार-बार यूक्रेन युद्ध, इज़राइल–फिलिस्तीन संघर्ष, सीरियाई मानवीय संकट और म्यांमार संकट पर UNSC की कार्रवाई को रोक दिया है)।

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IAF’s Tejas jet crashes during demo flight at Dubai Air Show; pilot killed

भारत में मत्स्य पालन और जलीय कृषि, आजीविका, पोषण एवं व्यापार के लिए अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण हैं, लेकिन यह क्षेत्र अत्यधिक मछली पकड़ने, प्रदूषण, जलवायु परिवर्तन तथा संसाधनों तक असमान पहुँच जैसी चुनौतियों का सामना कर रहा है।

In News

The FSSAI has directed the authorities to immediately remove from sale all fruit-based beverages, ready-to-serve drinks, energy drinks, electrolyte beverages, and similar products that are being marketed using the term ORS.

About ORS

ORS (Oral Rehydration Salts) denotes standardized, WHO–UNICEF–recommended sachets that are dissolved in clean water to make an Oral Rehydration Solution for oral rehydration therapy.

Its primary purpose is to prevent and treat dehydration from acute diarrhoea (including cholera) in all age groups, especially children in low- and middle-income countries where diarrhoeal disease is a leading cause of under‑5 mortality.

The current WHO low‑osmolarity ORS formulation contains sodium chloride, anhydrous glucose, potassium chloride and trisodium citrate dihydrate in precise amounts.

Glucose is included at a controlled concentration to exploit the sodium–glucose co‑transport mechanism in the small intestine, thereby enhancing intestinal absorption of sodium and, consequently, water.

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In News

The National One Health Mission Assembly 2025 showcased India’s integrated approach to health security under the theme “One Earth, One Health, One Future.” 

One Health 

The ‘One Health’ approach integrates the health of people, animals and the environment

It is crucial for addressing complex health challenges such as zoonotic diseases, antimicrobial resistance, and food safety.

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Context

The US State Department has approved the sale of the FGM-148 Javelin anti-tank missile system and the M982A1 Excalibur precision-guided artillery munitions worth $93 million to India.

FGM-148 Javelin anti-tank missile system

The Javelin missile system is a modern anti-tank guided missile system that is used extensively across the world. 

It is a single man-portable fire-and-forget medium-range anti-tank weapon system designed to defeat all known and projected threat armour.

Javelin automatically guides itself to the target after the initial launch, allowing the operator to take cover, relocate or prepare to engage another threat.

India has requested up to 216 of the M982A1 Excalibur tactical projectiles for purchase.

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Context

The ‘Juvenile Justice and Children in Conflict with the Law: A Study of Capacity at the Frontlines’, released by the India Justice Report (IJR) revealed alarming gaps in India’s juvenile justice system.

Key Findings of Study

High Pendency Across Juvenile Justice Boards (JJBs): About 55% of the cases before 362 Juvenile Justice Boards (JJBs) across the country remained pending.

Pendency rates vary significantly — from 83% in Odisha to 35% in Karnataka, although 92% of India’s 765 districts have constituted JJBs (as on October 2023).

The findings highlight serious inefficiencies in case management and delivery of justice for Children in Conflict with the Law (CCL).

Lack of Centralized Data and Transparency: There is no centralized public database for JJBs, unlike the National Judicial Data Grid (NJDG) for regular courts.

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Context

The Supreme Court held that it cannot impose any timelines for decisions of the President and the governor on granting assent to Bills under Articles 200/201 of the constitution.

Background

Recently, the Supreme Court verdict laid down a timeline for the President and governors to decide on state bills.

Reason: The Governor is not bound by any time limit to act on a Bill.

This creates a situation where the Governor can simply not act on a Bill indefinitely this is referred to as a "Pocket Veto", although the term is not officially used in the Constitution. 

The Supreme Court ruled that Governors cannot delay or withhold assent to Bills indefinitely once they are passed or re-passed by the state Assembly.

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Fisheries and aquaculture in India, vital for livelihoods, nutrition, and trade, faces mounting challenges, from overfishing and pollution to climate change and inequitable access to resources.

संदर्भ 

भारतीय खाद्य सुरक्षा और मानक प्राधिकरण (FSSAI) ने अधिकारियों को निर्देश दिया है कि वे तुरंत बिक्री से सभी फलों पर आधारित पेय पदार्थ, रेडी-टू-सर्व ड्रिंक्स, एनर्जी ड्रिंक्स, इलेक्ट्रोलाइट पेय और इसी तरह के उत्पादों को हटा दें, जिन्हें ORS शब्द का उपयोग करके विपणन किया जा रहा है।

ORS के बारे में

ORS (ओरल रिहाइड्रेशन साल्ट्स) मानकीकृत, WHO–UNICEF द्वारा अनुशंसित सैशे होते हैं जिन्हें स्वच्छ जल में घोलकर मौखिक पुनर्जलीकरण चिकित्सा (Oral Rehydration Therapy) के लिए घोल तैयार किया जाता है।

इसका मुख्य उद्देश्य तीव्र दस्त (जिसमें हैजा भी शामिल है) से होने वाले निर्जलीकरण को रोकना और उसका उपचार करना है, विशेषकर बच्चों में, जो निम्न एवं मध्यम आय वाले देशों में पाँच वर्ष से कम आयु के बच्चों की मृत्यु का प्रमुख कारण है।

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