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Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Technology

Last updated on April 18th, 2025 Posted on April 18, 2025 by NEXT IAS Current Affairs Team  424

Syllabus :GS 3/Science and Technology  

In News

  • The Kerala State Electricity Board (KSEB) and IIT Bombay have initiated a pilot project to explore the implementation of V2G technology across the State.
    • Though, V2G in India is still at a nascent stage.

Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Technology

  • Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology is a transformative solution aimed at enhancing the sustainability and resilience of electric grid infrastructure.
  • It allows Electric Vehicles (EVs) to send power back to the electricity grid when not in use, acting as decentralized energy storage. It enables both
    • G2V (Grid to Vehicle) – charging EVs from the grid.
    • V2G (Vehicle to Grid) – discharging power from EVs to the grid.
  • It supports renewable energy integration, demand response, and grid stability.
    • Smart charging and Time of Use (ToU) tariffs are key tools to manage this.
Vehicle to Grid V2G Technology

Benefits 

  • It can manage peak demand and avoid grid overload.
  • It can store excess solar energy during the day and use it at night.
  • It improves grid stability by modulating variable renewable energy.
  • Utilities can use smart charging, well-designed tariffs, and financial incentives to encourage V2G adoption and truly decarbonise transportation.

Challenges 

  • The implementation of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) services faces complex and region-specific regulatory landscapes.
  • Key challenges to effective V2G integration include technical difficulties, data security, and fragmented regulations. 
  • A major technical issue is the unpredictable and irregular availability of EVs for grid services due to varied charging behaviors. 

Global Application

  • V2G is already active in Europe, the U.S., and the U.K., where EV owners are compensated for returning energy during peak demand.
    •  In California, it supports grid stability and emergency power during crises.

Conclusion and Way Forward 

  • V2G technology has the potential to provide grid services such as peak power support and spinning reserves while also acting as renewable energy storage.
  • Data-driven optimization of EV charging can enhance grid reliability amid rising EV usage and distributed energy resources. 

Source :TH

 
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