Syllabus: GS2/Governance, GS3/ Infrastructure
Context
- The Department of Telecommunications launched the vision document for the National Broadband Mission (NBM) 2.0.
- It aims to build upon the foundation laid by NBM 1.0 (2019-2024).
Broadband Connectivity in India
- In 2023, India had 83.22 crore broadband connections, with 79.98 crore being wireless and 3.23 crore being wireline.
- India witnessed a 200% increase in internet subscriptions in rural areas and a 158% increase in urban areas between 2015 and 2021.
- The NBM 1.0 accelerated growth in digital infrastructure, especially in rural areas, bridging the digital divide.
Broadband connection types
- Wired broadband: Broadband delivered through optical fiber cables.
- Wireless broadband: Broadband delivered through radio links.
- Digital Subscriber Line (DSL): Broadband delivered through copper lines.
NBM 2.0: Vision and Objectives
- The new phase of the National Broadband Mission builds on NBM 1.0 and sets ambitious goals for 2030 to ensure affordable and reliable broadband access across India.
- Key Objectives:
- Expand Optical Fiber Connectivity: Extend Optical Fiber Cable (OFC) to 2.70 lakh villages by 2030, from around 50,000 villages currently.
- Maintain 95% uptime for OFC networks.
- Anchor Institution Connectivity: Provide broadband to 90% of anchor institutions such as schools, PHCs, Anganwadi Centers, and Panchayat offices.
- Enhanced Broadband Speeds: Increase the national average fixed broadband download speed to a minimum of 100 Mbps by 2030.
- 5G Rollout and 6G Preparedness: Facilitate the nationwide rollout of 5G networks while laying the groundwork for future 6G technologies.
- Leverage Power Sector Infrastructure: Utilize Optical Ground Wire (OPGW) from the power sector to boost connectivity, particularly for critical situations like disasters, wars, and emergencies.
- Expand Optical Fiber Connectivity: Extend Optical Fiber Cable (OFC) to 2.70 lakh villages by 2030, from around 50,000 villages currently.
NBM 2.0 Impact
- Digital Inclusion: Bridge the digital divide, especially in rural and underserved areas, ensuring equitable access to digital resources.
- Education and Healthcare: Broadband in schools and healthcare centers will promote e-learning, telemedicine, and other digital services.
- Economic Growth: Infrastructure development will generate employment and stimulate economic activity in both rural and urban regions.
- Disaster Management: Leveraging OPGW infrastructure will enhance communication resilience during natural disasters and emergencies.
- Technological Advancement: Adoption of 5G and 6G networks will position India as a leader in global digital innovation.
Way Ahead
- Affordable Internet Services: Ensure broadband remains affordable to increase adoption across all socio-economic groups.
- Strengthen Collaboration: Partner with private sector players to fast-track digital infrastructure development.
- Invest in Digital Literacy: Launch initiatives to improve digital literacy, enabling citizens to leverage connectivity effectively.
- Policy Support: Implement supportive policies to streamline processes, such as Right of Way (RoW) approvals, to minimize delays.
Source: TH
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