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News In Short 23-12-2025

Context

  • PM Modi paid tributes to former Prime Minister and Bharat Ratna Chaudhary Charan Singh on his birth anniversary.

    • About

  • Early life: Charan Singh was born on 23 December 1902 at Noorpur in Meerut district of Uttar Pradesh in a peasant family. 
  • Graduation: He graduated in science in 1923, and did his post-graduation from Agra University in 1925. Also trained in law, he set up practice at Ghaziabad.
  • He shifted to Meerut in 1929 and later joined the Congress.

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    Protecting Astronauts from Deadly Space Debris

    Context

  • The rapid expansion of satellite launches and commercial space activity has intensified the threat posed by Micrometeoroids and Orbital Debris (MMOD), raising serious concerns for astronaut safety and long-term sustainability of Earth’s orbits.

    • What is Micrometeoroids and Orbital Debris (MMOD)?

  • MMOD refers to the natural and human-made particles moving at very high speeds in Earth’s orbital environment that pose a collision risk to spacecraft and astronauts.
  • Micrometeoroids: Naturally occurring, extremely small particles originating mainly from asteroid belt collisions and comets, travelling at velocities of 11–72 km/s.
  • Orbital Debris: Human-made objects such as defunct satellites, rocket fragments and collision remnants, typically moving at around 10 km/s.

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    Electoral Trusts

    Context

  • With the scrapping of the electoral bonds scheme, companies have again turned to electoral trusts as a preferred source of political donations for companies in 2024-25.

    • Electoral Trust Scheme

  • The electoral trust scheme was introduced by the government in 2013. 
  • Electoral trusts are one of the funding channels for political parties. 
  • They became a preferred source of political donation for companies in 2024-25 after the SC scrapped the electoral bonds scheme in 2024.

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    India – New Zealand Free Trade Agreement

    Context

  • India and New Zealand have concluded a comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (FTA).

    • About

  • India has signed six Free Trade Agreements in the last five years, the latest being with Oman.
  • India-Oman Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA), 2025.
  • India -UK Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), 2025.

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    Internationalisation of Higher Education in India: NITI Aayog

    Context

  • NITI Aayog released a policy report laying out a long-term roadmap to internationalise India’s higher education system, with the stated goal of turning the country into a global hub for education and research by 2047.

    • About

  • Internationalisation refers to the systematic integration of global and intercultural dimensions into higher education through:
  • Cross-border student and faculty mobility
  • International collaborations in teaching and research

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    India Needs a National Insolvency Tribunal

    Published on: 23rd December, 2025

    India urgently needs a National Insolvency Tribunal to uphold the promise of swift and effective resolution under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), as the current system is struggling to meet the IBC’s time-bound mandates.

    चुनावी ट्रस्ट

    संदर्भ

  • चुनावी बॉन्ड योजना को समाप्त किए जाने के बाद, कंपनियों ने 2024-25 में राजनीतिक चंदे के लिए पुनः चुनावी ट्रस्ट को प्राथमिक स्रोत के रूप में अपनाया है।

    • चुनावी ट्रस्ट योजना

  • चुनावी ट्रस्ट योजना सरकार द्वारा 2013 में शुरू की गई थी।
  • चुनावी ट्रस्ट राजनीतिक दलों के लिए वित्त पोषण के चैनलों में से एक हैं।

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    भारत-न्यूजीलैंड मुक्त व्यापार समझौता

    संदर्भ

  • भारत और न्यूज़ीलैंड ने एक व्यापक मुक्त व्यापार समझौता (FTA) संपन्न किया है।

    • परिचय

  • भारत ने विगत पाँच वर्षों में छह मुक्त व्यापार समझौते किए हैं, जिनमें नवीनतम ओमान के साथ है।
  • भारत-ओमान व्यापक आर्थिक साझेदारी समझौता (CEPA), 2025

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    भारत में उच्च शिक्षा का अंतर्राष्ट्रीयकरण: नीति आयोग

    संदर्भ

  • नीति आयोग ने एक नीति रिपोर्ट जारी की है जिसमें भारत की उच्च शिक्षा प्रणाली के अंतर्राष्ट्रीयकरण के लिए दीर्घकालिक रोडमैप प्रस्तुत किया गया है। इसका घोषित लक्ष्य 2047 तक देश को शिक्षा और अनुसंधान का वैश्विक केंद्र बनाना है।

    • परिचय

  • अंतर्राष्ट्रीयकरण का अर्थ है उच्च शिक्षा में वैश्विक और अंतर-सांस्कृतिक आयामों का व्यवस्थित एकीकरण, जिसके माध्यम से
  • सीमा-पार छात्र और संकाय गतिशीलता

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