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Author Archives: NEXT IAS Current Affairs Team

Reframing India’s Foreign Policy in a Fragmented Global Order

Context

  • In Parliament, PM Modi acknowledged the undergoing structural shift from rules-based multilateralism to power-driven, transactional geopolitics.

    • Erosion of Multilateralism

  • Decline of Consensus-Based Institutions: For decades, institutions like the United Nations and World Trade Organization anchored global rule-making through collective decision-making and diplomacy.
  • However, this rule-based order has weakened as major powers increasingly bypass consensus mechanisms, rendering institutions less effective.
  • Rise of Transactional Power Politics: Multilateral platforms are being supplanted by transactional diplomacy where power and bilateral leverage outweigh collective norms.

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    Rural Transformation Through Decentralization

    Context

  • India’s rural development trajectory over the past decade indicates a structural transition from fragmented welfare provision towards an integrated, decentralised, and community-led development paradigm.

    • Decentralisation in Governance

  • The 73rd Constitutional Amendment (1992) institutionalised Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) as vehicles of grassroots democracy, enabling communities to participate directly in the planning, implementation, and monitoring of development initiatives. 
  • Participation is increasingly supported through capacity building, technology-enabled engagement, strengthened community institutions, and participatory planning and budgeting processes. 
  • Direct fiscal transfers to panchayats have been increased from around ₹2.36 lakh crore under the 15th Finance Commission (2021-2026) to nearly ₹4.35 lakh crore under the 16th Finance Commission (2026-2031).

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    India believed that Panchsheel Pact settled Border with China: CDS

    Context

  • The Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) mentioned that India believed the 1954 Panchsheel Agreement effectively addressed the northern boundary question, even though China viewed it differently.

    • Panchsheel Agreement 

  • In 1954, India recognised Tibet as part of China, and both countries signed the Panchsheel Agreement.
  • The Panchsheel Agreement stated the five principles as:
  • Mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty.

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    The Labour Codes Redefine Wages, Empower The Worker

    Published on: 14 February, 2026

    The implementation of India’s labour codes marks a decisive shift towards greater financial inclusion of the workforce by embedding social security, income protection, and long-term financial safeguards into the employment relationship.

    भारत का यह विश्वास था कि पंचशील समझौते ने चीन के साथ सीमा-विवाद का समाधान कर दिया: CDS

    संदर्भ

  • चीफ़ ऑफ़ डिफ़ेन्स स्टाफ़ (CDS) ने उल्लेख किया कि भारत का मानना था कि 1954 का पंचशील समझौता उत्तरी सीमा प्रश्न का प्रभावी समाधान करता है, यद्यपि चीन का दृष्टिकोण भिन्न था।

    • पंचशील समझौता 

  • 1954 में भारत ने तिब्बत को चीन का भाग स्वीकार किया और दोनों देशों ने पंचशील समझौते पर हस्ताक्षर किए।
  • पंचशील समझौते में पाँच सिद्धांतों का उल्लेख किया गया था

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    News In Short 13-02-2026

    Context

  • The Prime Minister paid tributes to Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati on his birth anniversary.

    • About Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati

  • He was born on February 12, 1824, in Tankara, Gujarat, as ‘Mool Shankar’ into a Brahmin family. He later became a disciple of Swami Virajananda.
  • He founded the Arya Samaj in 1875 to counter social inequities and promote social reform. 

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    SHANTI Act and the Nuclear Liability Debate in India

    Context

  • The SHANTI (Sustainable Harnessing of Advancement of Nuclear Technology for India) Act 2025, have triggered concerns regarding safety standards, victim compensation, and long-term energy strategy.

    • About

  • Traditionally, nuclear power plants in India have been owned and operated only by state-owned Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd (NPCIL) and its fully-owned subsidiary Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam (BHAVINI).
  • The SHANTI Act opens the nuclear power sector to private entities and alters the liability framework under the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act (CLNDA), 2010.

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    Indian IT Sector at a Crossroads Amid ‘SaaSpocalypse’ Fears

    Context

  • The recent stock market volatility, triggered by ‘SaaSpocalypse’ fears, has reflected investor anxiety over AI-led disruption to India’s traditional IT services model.

    • Importance of the IT Sector in India

  • The IT and IT-enabled Services (ITeS) sector has been a pillar of India’s economic transformation. It contributes around 7–8% of India’s GDP, with employment over 5 million people directly and supports millions indirectly.
  • It is a major source of services exports and foreign exchange earnings, strengthening India’s position as a global digital services hub.

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