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    News In Short 2-12-2025

    Context

  • The Central Excise (Amendment) Bill, 2025 was introduced in Lok Sabha on December 1, 2025.

    • About

  • The Bill seeks to amend the Central Excise Act, 1944.  The Act provides for the levy and collection of central excise duties on goods manufactured or produced in India.  
  • Central excise duties on many items were repealed with the introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in 2017, except for certain items such as tobacco and tobacco products.
  • Tobacco and tobacco products continue to face a three-layered taxation structure comprising GST, GST compensation cess, and central excise duty.
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    Nuclear Power in Space Missions

    Context

  • The US recently announced plans under its Lunar Fission Surface Power Project to deploy a small nuclear reactor on the moon by the early 2030s.

    • Why Is Nuclear Power in Space Gaining Importance?

  • The Moon has little atmosphere and experiences 14-day stretches of darkness, this makes solar energy unreliable in some of the most critical regions.
  • A small lunar reactor could operate continuously for a decade or more, powering habitats, rovers, 3D printers and life-support systems. 
  • Developing this capability is essential for missions to Mars, where solar power is even more constrained.
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    Modernisation of Police

    In News

  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi chaired the 60th All India Conference of Directors General and Inspectors General of Police in Chhattisgarh under the theme “Viksit Bharat: Security Dimensions”.

    • India’s Police Modernisation

  • Police and law and order are State subjects under the Constitution, making State Governments primarily responsible for them. 
  • However, due to financial constraints, many States have struggled to modernize their police forces. 
  • To support them, the Ministry of Home Affairs has been supplementing resources through "Assistance to State & UTs for Modernization of Police” (ASUMP) [erstwhile scheme of Modernization of State Police Forces (MPF)].
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    Strengthening Global Biosecurity and Modernising the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC)

    Context

  • Recently, India’s External Affairs Minister, at a conference marking 50 Years of Biological Weapons Convention (BWC), has cautioned that the world remains ‘not yet adequately prepared’ to tackle the threat of ‘Bioterrorism’, highlighting serious institutional and structural gaps.

    • About Bioterrorism

  • It refers to the deliberate release of biological agents — such as bacteria, viruses, or toxins — to cause illness or death among humans, animals, or plants.
  • According to the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), bioterrorism is classified as a biological disaster, distinct from natural outbreaks because of its deliberate intent.
  • Potential bioterror agents include pathogens such as Bacillus anthracis (anthrax), Variola major (smallpox), and toxins like botulinum.
  • The threat of bioterrorism has grown with advances in biotechnology and synthetic biology, which, while offering enormous benefits, pose risks of misuse.
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    National Strategy For Financial Inclusion 2025–30

    Context

  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has released the National Strategy for Financial Inclusion (NSFI) 2025–30, outlining a five-year plan (Panch-Jyoti) to deepen and widen financial inclusion in India. 

    • About

  • The strategy, approved by the Sub-Committee of the Financial Stability and Development Council (FSDC), sets out five strategic objectives supported by a comprehensive Panch-Jyoti framework and 47 actionable steps.
  • As per the World Bank, financial inclusion means that individuals and businesses have access to useful and affordable financial products and services that meet their needs — transactions, payments, savings, credit and insurance — delivered in a responsible and sustainable way.
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    संक्षिप्त समाचार 02-12-2025

    संदर्भ 

  • केंद्रीय उत्पाद शुल्क (संशोधन) विधेयक, 2025 को 1 दिसंबर, 2025 को लोकसभा में प्रस्तुत किया गया।

    • विधेयक के बारे में 

  • यह विधेयक केंद्रीय उत्पाद शुल्क अधिनियम, 1944 में संशोधन करने का प्रयास करता है।
  • अधिनियम भारत में निर्मित या उत्पादित वस्तुओं पर केंद्रीय उत्पाद शुल्क लगाने एवं संग्रह करने का प्रावधान करता है।
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    “वैश्विक जैव सुरक्षा को सुदृढ़ करना और जैविक हथियार सम्मेलन (BWC) का आधुनिकीकरण

    संदर्भ 

  • हाल ही में भारत के विदेश मंत्री ने जैविक हथियार सम्मेलन (BWC) की 50वीं वर्षगांठ पर आयोजित एक सम्मेलन में चेतावनी दी कि विश्व अभी तक ‘जैव-आतंकवाद’ (Bioterrorism) के खतरे से निपटने के लिए पर्याप्त रूप से तैयार नहीं है। उन्होंने गंभीर संस्थागत और संरचनात्मक खामियों को उजागर किया।

    • जैव-आतंकवाद 

  • यह जैविक एजेंटों — जैसे बैक्टीरिया, वायरस या विषाक्त पदार्थों — को जानबूझकर छोड़ने को संदर्भित करता है, ताकि मनुष्यों, जानवरों या पौधों में बीमारी या मृत्यु हो सके।
  • राष्ट्रीय आपदा प्रबंधन प्राधिकरण (NDMA) के अनुसार, जैव-आतंकवाद को एक जैविक आपदा के रूप में वर्गीकृत किया गया है, जो प्राकृतिक प्रकोपों से अलग है क्योंकि इसमें जानबूझकर किया गया प्रयोजन शामिल होता है।
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