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Daily Archives: June 13, 2025

News In Short-13-06-2025

In News

  • The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) has got India’s first ‘silver notice’ issued by Interpol, which will enable the probe agency to trace proceeds of crime related to the French embassy visa ‘fraud’ case, allegedly parked in different countries. 

    • About Interpol

  • Origin: Formed as the International Criminal Police Commission (ICPC) at the 2nd International Police Congress, Vienna, 1923.
  • Became INTERPOL after the adoption of its Constitution in 1956 during its 25th General Assembly.
  • Membership: 196 countries, India is a founding member.
  • Headquarters: Lyon, France.

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    Science Behind Right AC Temperature

    In News

  • The Union Ministry of Power is considering mandating that new air conditioners (ACs) in India operate only within a temperature range of 20°C to 28°C.

    • Functioning of Air conditioner

  • It works by transferring heat from one place to another using a refrigerant in a vapour-compression cycle.
  • It absorbs heat from indoor air via an evaporator, where the refrigerant boils and dehumidifies the air. 
  • The refrigerant, now a superheated vapour, is compressed—raising its temperature and consuming most of the AC’s power.
  • It then releases heat to the outside through the condenser, condenses back into a liquid, and is expanded to a low-pressure mix before returning to the evaporator. 

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    India’s Rare Earth Magnets Crisis

    Context

  • Amidst China’s export curbs on rare earth magnets, India’s automobile sector are raising alarms over potential production disruptions.

    • What are Rare Earth Magnets?

  • Rare earth magnets are powerful permanent magnets made using rare earth elements, including 17 different elements from the periodic table.
  • The two main types are Neodymium (Nd-Fe-B) and Samarium Cobalt (SmCo) magnets.
  • Despite the name, rare earth elements are not geologically rare but are difficult to extract economically due to their dispersed occurrence and the environmental cost of mining.

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    Moody’s Downgrade and U.S. Fiscal Reality

    In News

  • The recent Moody’s downgrade of the U.S. credit rating marks a quiet but significant shift signaling the end of U.S. fiscal dominance, driven by rising national debt and political paralysis. 

    • U.S. Fiscal Challenges

  • The downgrade reflects declining confidence in U.S. political and economic stability, shaking the foundation of global trust in the U.S. Treasury bonds.
  • Historically, U.S. Treasury bonds symbolized safety and trust, backed by America’s strong institutions and political stability. 
  • However, rising national debt—now over 120% of GDP—and persistent reliance on deficit spending since 2008 have weakened that trust. 
  • Political polarization has stalled fiscal discipline, undermining confidence and leading Moody’s to finally withdraw its unquestioning faith in U.S. creditworthiness.

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    India’s Growth Paradox

    Context

  • Despite India’s rise as the world’s fourth-largest economy with a nominal GDP of $3.9 trillion, concerns persist over the lack of inclusivity in economic growth.

    • The Illusion of Growth

  • GDP vs. Per Capita Reality: Although India’s GDP has expanded significantly, the average per capita income stands at just $2,800 (₹2.33 lakh/year), far below countries like Vietnam ($4,300) and China ($12,500).
  • Extreme Wealth Concentration: The top 1% of Indians own over 40% of the nation’s wealth. The top 5% control 62%.
  • If their wealth is excluded, the effective per capita income for the rest falls to ₹5,600 per month, barely above subsistence level.
  • Global Comparisons: India ranks 111th out of 125 on the Global Hunger Index, and 134th on the Human Development Index — lower than peers like Vietnam or Sri Lanka.

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    Global Gender Gap Index 2025: WEF

    Context

  • Recently, the World Economic Forum (WEF) released its 19th edition of Global Gender Gap Report 2025.

    • Global Overview

  • Overall Gender Parity: The world has closed 68.5% of the gender gap, a marginal improvement from the previous year.
  • Top Performers:Iceland remains the most gender-equal country for the 16th consecutive year, achieving over 90% parity.
  • Other top-ranking nations include Finland, Norway and the United Kingdom etc.

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    Air India Plane Crash in Ahmedabad

    Context

  • The Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB) has initiated a formal investigation into the Air India plane crash in Ahmedabad.

    • About

  • An Air India Boeing 787 Dreamliner crashed into a college hostel in Ahmedabad, causing more than 200 casualties.
  • The two black boxes will help in revealing what triggered the tragic crash of the Air India plane.
  • This disaster could rewrite aviation safety norms, especially for India, now the world’s 3rd-largest domestic aviation market.

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    संक्षिप्त समाचार 14-06-2025

    संदर्भ 

  • केंद्रीय जांच ब्यूरो (CBI) ने इंटरपोल द्वारा भारत का प्रथम ‘सिल्वर नोटिस’ जारी करवाया है, जिससे एजेंसी को फ्रांसीसी दूतावास वीजा ‘धोखाधड़ी’ मामले से जुड़े अपराध की आय का पता लगाने में सहायता प्राप्त होगी, जिसे कथित रूप से विभिन्न देशों में रखा गया है।

    • इंटरपोल के बारे में

  • उत्पत्ति: 1923 में द्वितीय अंतरराष्ट्रीय पुलिस कांग्रेस, वियना में अंतरराष्ट्रीय आपराधिक पुलिस आयोग (ICPC) के रूप में गठित।
  •  1956 में 25वीं महासभा के दौरान INTERPOL के संविधान को अपनाने के बाद यह INTERPOL बना।

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    सही एसी तापमान के पीछे का विज्ञान

    संदर्भ 

  • केंद्रीय विद्युत मंत्रालय भारत में नए एयर कंडीशनर (ACs) के लिए 20°C से 28°C के तापमान सीमा के अन्दर संचालन को अनिवार्य बनाने पर विचार कर रहा है।

    • एयर कंडीशनर का कार्य

  • एयर कंडीशनर वाष्प-संपीड़न चक्र में रेफ्रिजरेंट का उपयोग करके एक स्थान से दूसरे स्थान तक गर्मी स्थानांतरित करता है।
  • यह वाष्पीकरणकर्ता (Evaporator) के माध्यम से इनडोर वायु से गर्मी अवशोषित करता है, जहां रेफ्रिजरेंट उबलता है और हवा को डिह्यूमिडिफाई करता है।

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