• India’s 4th Biennial Update Report (BUR-4) to UNFCCC, submitted on December 30, 2024, shows that the country emitted 2,959 MtCO2e of greenhouse gases in 2020.
• The emission intensity of GDP decreased by 36% between 2005 and 2020 and is expected to reach a 45% reduction by 2030.
• The non-fossil energy generation capacity reached 46.52% through the installation of 203.22 GW of renewable energy sources, while forests sequestered an additional 2.29 billion tonnes of CO2 from 2005 to 2021.
• The report shows requirements for climate change solutions together with necessary financial resources and technological support according to the principle of CBDR-RC.

• India's 4th Biennial Update Report (BUR-4) to UNFCCC, submitted December 30, 2024, updates the Third National Communication (TNC).
• India, as a Non-Annex I Party under UNFCCC, must submit its BURs every two years to provide GHG inventories starting from the 2020 baseline along with details of mitigation and adaptation efforts and the required support resources including finance, technology, and capacity building.
• The report demonstrates compliance with NDC targets by following the Paris Agreement requirements, which establish CBDR-RC principles for countries with minimal historical emissions.
• The BUR-4 highlights progress through documentation of emission intensity reductions, renewable energy advancements, and forest sink developments achieved despite the country’s focus on development needs.

Renewable Energy Expansion

The country has accomplished 203.22 GW of renewable energy, which represents 46.52% of its total non-fossil power capacity. The country plans to reach 500 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030 through the National Solar Mission, PM-Surya Ghar, and National Bio-Energy Programme initiatives.

Forest and Carbon Sinks

The forest and tree cover area stands at 25.17%, and the sector has created a carbon sink of 2.29 billion tonnes of CO₂ equivalent. In 2020 alone, forests absorbed 522 MtCO₂.

Efficiency and Schemes

The PAT scheme and UJALA program work together to achieve energy savings, while the LiFE Movement promotes sustainable living practices. Additionally, CDRI and ISA operate at the international level to strengthen climate resilience and solar cooperation.

NDC Progress

The country has achieved a 36% reduction in GDP emission intensity from its 2005 levels while committing to reach net-zero emissions by 2070.

India’s Proactive Steps to Combat Climate Change

India takes proactive steps to combat climate change, as detailed in its 4th Biennial Update Report (BUR-4).

Renewable Energy Push

Boosted non-fossil capacity to 203.22 GW (46.52% of total), targeting 500 GW by 2030 through PM-KUSUM, the Green Hydrogen Mission, and offshore wind initiatives.

Afforestation and Sinks

Expanded forests to create a 2.29 billion tonnes CO₂ sink (2005–2021); the Green India Mission enhances carbon sequestration.

Energy Efficiency

PAT scheme saved 106 MT energy; UJALA distributed 36 crore LEDs; strengthened standards for appliances to reduce emissions.

Global Leadership

Launched CDRI (60+ partners) and ISA (120+ countries); the LiFE movement promotes sustainable lifestyles worldwide.

Adaptation Measures

National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) with 8 missions; Climate Resilient Observing Systems (CROPS) to strengthen climate resilience.

What is India's 4th BUR to UNFCCC?

Periodic report on GHG emissions (2020: 2,959 MtCO₂e), mitigation progress, and support needs under CBDR-RC.

Key achievement in emission intensity?

GDP emission intensity reduced 36% (2005-2020), on track for 45% NDC target by 2030.

Renewable energy progress?

Non-fossil capacity at 203.22 GW (46.52%); forests absorbed 2.29B tonnes CO₂ sink.