Liquid Propulsion Systems of ISRO

Syllabus: GS3/Science & Technology

Context

• Recently, ISRO appointed M. Mohan as director of Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre in Thiruvananthapuram.

About the Liquid Propulsion Systems

• Liquid propulsion systems use liquid propellants, such as liquid oxygen (LOX) and liquid hydrogen (LH2), to generate thrust. 
• These systems are preferred over solid propulsion systems due to their higher efficiency, controllability, and ability to be restarted multiple times.

ISRO’s Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC)

• It is a key facility under ISRO, responsible for the design, development, and realization of liquid propulsion stages for ISRO’s launch vehicles.
• It has two units located in Thiruvananthapuram (Valiamala) and Bengaluru, each focusing on different aspects of liquid propulsion systems.

Recent Developments

• Gaganyaan Mission: ISRO has integrated advanced liquid propulsion systems into the Crew Module for the first uncrewed mission of the Gaganyaan project.
  • The Crew Module Propulsion System (CMPS) is a bi-propellant based Reaction Control System (RCS) designed for precise three-axis control (pitch, yaw, and roll) during the descent and re-entry phases.
• Cryogenic Upper Stage: ISRO has developed an indigenous cryogenic upper stage for the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV).
  • It has significantly enhanced India’s capabilities in launching heavier payloads into space.
• Satellite Propulsion Systems: The LPSC is responsible for developing propulsion systems for satellites, including monopropellant thrusters and components for satellite control and maneuvering.

Source: TH