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Global Value Chain Development Report 2025

Context

  • The Global Value Chain Development Report 2025 has been released by the World Trade Organization (WTO).

    • What is the Global Value Chain (GVC)?

  • A Global Value Chain (GVC) refers to the full range of activities involved in producing a good or service, when these activities are spread across multiple countries. 
  • These activities include: Design & R&D, Sourcing of raw materials, Production and assembly, Logistics and distribution, Marketing, sales & after-sales services.
  • Each stage adds value, and different countries participate in different stages based on their comparative advantage.

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    India’s New GDP Series: Fixing Discrepancies, Updating Measurement

    Context

  • The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) has released a discussion paper outlining major methodological changes in India’s GDP estimation.

    • About

  • In 2024, MoSPI has set up a 26-member Advisory Committee on National Accounts Statistics to decide the base year for GDP data.
  • Biswanath Goldar has been appointed as its chairman.
  • For GDP, the new series is scheduled to be released on February 27, 2026 with financial year 2022-23 as base year.

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    Upgrading India’s Biosecurity in the Age of Biotechnology

    Context

  • Rapid advances in biotechnology have increased the risk of deliberate misuse of biological agents by state and non-state actors, making the strengthening of India’s biosecurity framework a critical national security priority.

    • What is Biosecurity?

  • Biosecurity refers to the set of policies, practices, and institutional systems designed to prevent the intentional misuse of biological agents, toxins, or biotechnologies.
  • It covers safeguarding laboratories handling dangerous pathogens, preventing unauthorised access to biological materials, and detecting and responding to deliberate disease outbreaks.
  • Biosecurity extends beyond human health to include animal and plant health.

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    जैव प्रौद्योगिकी के युग में भारत की जैव सुरक्षा का उन्नयन

    संदर्भ

  • जैव प्रौद्योगिकी में तीव्र प्रगति ने राज्य और गैर-राज्य कारकों द्वारा जैविक एजेंटों के जानबूझकर दुरुपयोग के जोखिम को बढ़ा दिया है, जिससे भारत की जैव सुरक्षा रूपरेखा को सुदृढ़ करना एक महत्वपूर्ण राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा प्राथमिकता बन गया है।

    • जैव सुरक्षा क्या है?

  • जैव सुरक्षा उन नीतियों, प्रथाओं और संस्थागत प्रणालियों का समूह है जिन्हें जैविक एजेंटों, विषाक्त पदार्थों या जैव प्रौद्योगिकियों के जानबूझकर दुरुपयोग को रोकने के लिए बनाया गया है।
  • जैव सुरक्षा मानव स्वास्थ्य से आगे बढ़कर पशु और पौधों के स्वास्थ्य को भी शामिल करती है।

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    दिल्ली का वायु प्रदूषण संकट: एक बढ़ती हुई सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्य चिंता

    दिल्ली की जहरीली वायु अब एक पूर्ण सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्य आपातकाल बन गई है, जहाँ स्थानीय उत्सर्जन और सर्दियों में फंसे प्रदूषक वर्षों में सबसे खराब AQI स्तर को चला रहे हैं।

    News In Short 16-12-2025

    Context

  • A commemorative postage stamp in honour of the king Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar II (Suvaran Maran) was released by Vice President C P Radhakrishnan.

    • About

  • Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar (705 AD-745 AD), also known as Suvaran Maran, was a ruler of the Mutharaiyar lineage, feudatories of the Pallavas. 
  • He belonged to the illustrious Mutharaiyar dynasty, which ruled the central regions of Tamil Nadu between the 7th and 9th centuries CE.
  • He ruled from Tiruchirappalli for nearly four decades and that his reign was marked by administrative stability, territorial expansion, cultural patronage, and military prowess.

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    Mangroves’ Cells Help Plants Survive in Saltwater

    Context

  • A new study published in Current Biology explains the cellular adaptations that enable mangrove species to tolerate extreme salt stress, offering insights for developing salt-tolerant crops in the future.

    • Key Highlights of the Study

  • Key cellular traits (not stomata-based): Mangroves do not rely on smaller or more numerous stomata to increase photosynthesis.
  • Instead, they exhibit: unusually small leaf epidermal pavement cells and thicker cell walls, which together give them more mechanical strength to tolerate low osmotic potentials.

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    Siliserh Lake and Kopra Jalashay Designated as New Ramsar Sites

    Context

  • India designated Siliserh Lake and Kopra Jalashay as its 95th and 96th Ramsar Sites, increasing the country’s total to 96, up from 26 in 2014.

    • What are the Wetlands?

  • The Ramsar Convention’s definition for wetlands includes: 
  • “areas of marsh, fen, peatland or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed six metres”. 
  • Human-made wetlands: Fish and shrimp ponds, farm ponds, irrigated agricultural land, salt pans, reservoirs, gravel pits, sewage farms and canals. 

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