Syllabus: GS3/Environment
In News
- The Antarctic ozone hole that formed in August 2025 closed earlier than usual, offering hope for recovery amid record global warming.
What is the Ozone Hole?
- It is a seasonal thinning of the stratospheric ozone layer particularly in the southern polar region — was first discovered in 1985.
- The ozone hole is not technically a “hole” where no ozone is present, but is actually a region of exceptionally depleted ozone in the stratosphere over the Antarctic .
- It happens at the beginning of the Southern Hemisphere spring (August–October).
Causes
- Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, and other ozone-depleting substances (ODS): These chemicals, once widely used in refrigeration, aerosols, and solvents, break down ozone molecules in the stratosphere.
- Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) formed in extreme cold, they accelerate chemical reactions that destroy ozone.
- Climate change interactions: Warming at the surface and cooling in the stratosphere can influence ozone depletion cycles.
Impacts
- Human health: Increased ultraviolet (UV-B) radiation leads to higher risks of skin cancer, cataracts, and weakened immune systems.
- Ecosystems: UV radiation damages phytoplankton, the base of marine food chains, and affects crop yields.
- Climate linkages: Ozone depletion alters atmospheric circulation, impacting weather patterns in the Southern Hemisphere.
Steps Taken
- Montreal Protocol (1987): It is a landmark global treaty banning ozone-depleting substances (ODS), credited with reducing ozone hole size.
- Kigali Amendment (2016) extended controls to hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), potent greenhouse gases.
- National efforts: Countries phased out CFCs in refrigeration and aerosols, promoting safer alternatives.
Way Ahead
- The ozone hole story is a rare example of successful global environmental action, demonstrating that coordinated efforts can reverse ecological damage.
- However, recovery remains fragile and requires ongoing vigilance.
- Continued enforcement of the Montreal Protocol, alignment with climate policies, and promotion of sustainable, eco-friendly technologies are essential to protect the ozone layer.
- With sustained global cooperation, scientists estimate full recovery could occur by 2060–2070.
Source :DTE
