{"id":77279,"date":"2026-06-17T10:52:29","date_gmt":"2026-06-17T05:22:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=77279"},"modified":"2026-06-18T11:01:04","modified_gmt":"2026-06-18T05:31:04","slug":"memory-chip-shortage-hindi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/editorial-analysis-hindi\/17-06-2026\/memory-chip-shortage-hindi","title":{"rendered":"\u092e\u0947\u092e\u094b\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0940\u0924\u093f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e: \u091c\u0940\u090f\u0938-3\/\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e (AI) \u0909\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u091a\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0947 \u0930\u0941\u091d\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e <strong>\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong> <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u092e\u094b\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940<\/strong> \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0928, \u0932\u0948\u092a\u091f\u0949\u092a, \u0930\u0947\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930, \u090f\u092f\u0930\u0915\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0936\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0938, \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0928 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0916\u0941\u0926\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0940\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092e\u0947\u092e\u094b\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u092a \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0947\u092e\u094b\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u092a \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0927\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0902 <\/strong>\u091c\u094b \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0918\u091f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0948\u0902\u0921\u092e \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u092e\u094b\u0930\u0940 (DRAM):<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0928, \u0932\u0948\u092a\u091f\u0949\u092a, \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u093e \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u0948\u0923\u094d\u0921 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u092e\u094b\u0930\u0940 (NAND Flash Memory):<\/strong> \u092a\u0947\u0928 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0935, \u090f\u0938\u090f\u0938\u0921\u0940, \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0921\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0915 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0939\u093e\u0908 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921\u0935\u093f\u0921\u094d\u0925 \u092e\u0947\u092e\u094b\u0930\u0940 (HBM):<\/strong> \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0902, \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u092e\u094b\u0930\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917: <\/strong>\u092e\u0947\u092e\u094b\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u092a \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u0948\u092c\u0932\u0947\u091f; \u0932\u0948\u092a\u091f\u0949\u092a \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930; \u0930\u0947\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0949\u0936\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928; \u090f\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0902\u0921\u0940\u0936\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923; \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0928\u094b\u0930\u0902\u091c\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901; \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928 \u092c\u0948\u091f\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901; \u0908\u092f\u0930\u092b\u094b\u0928, \u092a\u0939\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e (AI), \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921 \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u092e\u094b\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0902, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 HBM, \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0901\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u092e\u094b\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u092a \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0915 (CPI)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0915 (CPI) \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u0941\u0926\u0930\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>CPI \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092e\u0947\u092e\u094b\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u092a \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0939\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 CPI \u092c\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u091f \u0915\u093e <strong>\u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 1% \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e<\/strong> \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092a\u093f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0948, \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0940\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0939\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901: <\/strong>\u0939\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0932\u0948\u092a\u091f\u0949\u092a,\u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u0948\u092c\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0908 \u092e\u0939\u0940\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u092b\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0939-\u0926\u0930-\u092e\u093e\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u094b\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u0947\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930, \u0935\u0949\u0936\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928, \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0902\u0921\u0940\u0936\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0926\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u0947\u0928 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0921\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0915, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u092e\u0947\u092e\u094b\u0930\u0940-\u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u094b\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947-\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0921\u093e\u0932 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0916\u0941\u0926\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f8f7f7\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"669\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-129-1024x669.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-77281\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f8f7f7; aspect-ratio:1.5306645407436934;width:689px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-129-1024x669.png 1024w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-129-300x196.png 300w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-129-768x502.png 768w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-129.png 1158w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092e\u0947\u092e\u094b\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1.\u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e (AI) \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0928<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0901\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e-\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0939\u093e\u0908 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921\u0935\u093f\u0921\u094d\u0925 \u092e\u0947\u092e\u094b\u0930\u0940 (HBM) \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 DRAM \u0914\u0930 NAND \u092e\u0947\u092e\u094b\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u0917\u0932\u0947 3\u20135 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0901\u0917, \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092e\u0947\u092e\u094b\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0928, \u0932\u0948\u092a\u091f\u0949\u092a, \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930, \u0918\u0930\u0947\u0932\u0942 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0922\u093c \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0939\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0940\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0940\u0924\u093f, \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0940\u0924\u093f (\u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0940\u0924\u093f) \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924, \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5. \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0901\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0902\u0926\u0940<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u091c\u094b\u0930\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u092e \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0928, \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924-\u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. \u0906\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0938, \u092e\u0947\u092e\u094b\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u092f\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0906\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0918\u0930\u0947\u0932\u0942 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u0949\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093e\u0935<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u092e\u094b\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0903 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u094c\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094c\u0926\u0947\u092c\u093e\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u092e\u091c\u094b\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0918\u0930\u0947\u0932\u0942 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0907\u0915\u094b\u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0915\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u092e\u094b\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092f\u094b\u0902 (fabs) \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u0905\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0930\u093f\u091c\u093c\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915 (RBI) \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0940\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0918\u0930\u0947\u0932\u0942 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0906\u092f\u093e\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092e\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5. \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0921\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u0915\u0940<\/strong> <strong>\u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0915\u092e \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0938&nbsp; \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e \u092c\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u0932<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 (ISM)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0921\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0941\u092b\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0907\u0915\u094b\u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. \u0938\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0949\u0928 \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0927\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092f\u094b\u0902, \u0921\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0941\u092b\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092f\u094b\u0902, \u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u0928 (PLI) \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923, \u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u092b\u094b\u0928 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0935\u092f\u0935 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4.\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u0928 (DLI) \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0918\u0930\u0947\u0932\u0942 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5. \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0906\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>6. \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f (NPE), 2019<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u0930\u0947\u0932\u0942 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0939 : \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u0941\u091b \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0926\u093e \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0905\u0935\u092f\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u091d\u094c\u0924\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. \u0918\u0930\u0947\u0932\u0942 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u0940\u0918\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u092f\u0935 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u091a\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5. \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928, \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928, \u091a\u093f\u092a \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>6. \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0928<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u092e\u0947\u0915 \u0907\u0928 \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0926\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928<\/strong><br><strong>[\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928]<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928: \u092e\u0947\u092e\u094b\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0940\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0907\u0915\u094b\u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f \u0938\u0941\u091d\u093e\u0907\u090f\u0964\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924<a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-economics\/memory-chip-shortage-electronics-price-rise-inflation-10738987\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">: IE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/EDT-18-06-26.pdf\">Download PDF<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Published on:<\/strong> 17 June, 2026<\/p>\n<p>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e (AI) \u0909\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u091a\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0947 \u0930\u0941\u091d\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u092e\u094b\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0928, \u0932\u0948\u092a\u091f\u0949\u092a, \u0930\u0947\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930, \u090f\u092f\u0930\u0915\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0936\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0938, \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0928 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0916\u0941\u0926\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0940\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1860],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-77279","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-editorial-analysis-hindi"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/77279","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=77279"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/77279\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":77288,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/77279\/revisions\/77288"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=77279"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=77279"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=77279"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}