{"id":68885,"date":"2026-03-12T13:15:08","date_gmt":"2026-03-12T07:45:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=68885"},"modified":"2026-03-13T13:18:12","modified_gmt":"2026-03-13T07:48:12","slug":"news-in-short-12-03-2026-hindi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs-hindi\/12-03-2026\/news-in-short-12-03-2026-hindi","title":{"rendered":"\u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 12-03-2026"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u0938\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u092b\u0941\u0932\u0947<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e: GS1 \/ \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0917\u0943\u0939 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u093e\u0939 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u092b\u0941\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0923\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093f\u0925\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u091c\u0932\u093f \u0905\u0930\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u092b\u0941\u0932\u0947 (1831\u20131897) \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e:<\/strong> \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091c\u093c\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092f\u0917\u093e\u0901\u0935 \u0917\u093e\u0901\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939:<\/strong> 1840 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u094c \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092f\u0941 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939 13 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935 \u092b\u0941\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e\u0964 1848 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0902\u092a\u0924\u093f \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0923\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u093f\u0921\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0915\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1863 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u093f\u092c\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u0928\u0947 <em>\u092c\u093e\u0932\u0939\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0915 \u0917\u0943\u0939<\/em> \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940, \u091c\u094b \u0936\u093f\u0936\u0941\u0939\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0906\u0936\u094d\u0930\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932 \u0925\u093e\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939, \u0935\u093f\u0927\u0935\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939, \u092c\u093e\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939, \u0938\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0939\u0947\u091c \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1873 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u0941\u0932\u0947 \u0926\u0902\u092a\u0924\u093f \u0928\u0947 <em>\u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c<\/em> \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940, \u091c\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f, \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u092d\u0947\u0926\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0902\u091a \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901:<\/strong> <em>\u0915\u093e\u0935\u094d\u092f \u092b\u0941\u0932\u0947<\/em> (1854) \u0914\u0930 <em>\u092c\u093e\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0936\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u092c\u094b\u0927 \u0930\u0924\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0915\u0930<\/em> (1892)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924: PIB<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u0915\u0941\u0930\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u093e \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0932\u093e<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e: GS1 \/ \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u0941\u0930\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u093e \u0915\u0932\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0918\u091f\u0924\u0947 \u0915\u0932\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0932\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u0924\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u0941\u0930\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u093e \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0932\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 3,000 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0924\u092e\u093f\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0921\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u0932\u0917\u093f\u0930\u093f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 <em>\u090f\u091d\u0941\u0925\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0908<\/em> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0948\u0932\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0930\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u093e \u091c\u0928\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u091c\u0928\u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 (PVTG) \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0939 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0932\u093e \u0918\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u0915\u0932\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947, \u091c\u094b \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0930\u0947\u091c\u093c\u093f\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0928 \u0932\u094b\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e\u0928, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0935, \u092e\u0927\u0941-\u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f, \u092a\u0936\u0941 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902, \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924: IE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0915 2026<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e: GS2 \/ \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0906\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0915 (FHI 2026) \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0948\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0913\u0921\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0917\u094b\u0935\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u091d\u093e\u0930\u0916\u0902\u0921 \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0941\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u093e\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u093e\u0901\u091a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0939\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0923\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930, \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093e\u091f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0947\u0932\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u092e\u091c\u093c\u094b\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u092a\u0902\u091c\u093e\u092c, \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0930\u0932 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0947, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e\u00a0 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0930\u0941\u0923\u093e\u091a\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0935 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0939\u093e, \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0939\u093f\u092e\u093e\u091a\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0923\u093f\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0935 (GSDP \u0915\u093e &lt;5%) \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u091c\u094b\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u092b\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u093e (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0936\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u0942\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u0915\u094b GSDP \u0915\u0947 5% \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0915 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u090b\u0923 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092c\u091c\u091f \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0909\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u090b\u0923 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 GSDP \u0915\u0947 25-30% \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0915 (FHI)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0939\u0932 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u092a-\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0915:<\/strong> \u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u0928, \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0915, \u090b\u0923 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u090b\u0923 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0916\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 (CAG) \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924: PIB<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 (NSB)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e: GS2 \/ \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u0942-\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u093f\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092d\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 (NSB) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093f\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 (NSB) \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0936\u093f\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0932\u093e\u0939 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e <em>\u092e\u0930\u094d\u091a\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0936\u093f\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, 1958<\/em> \u0915\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e 23 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 <em>\u092c\u0902\u0926\u0930\u0917\u093e\u0939, \u0936\u093f\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0932\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/em> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u093f\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924: PIB<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>&nbsp;\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e 400 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092c\u0948\u0930\u0932 \u0906\u092a\u093e\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0924\u0947\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e: GS3 \/ \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0947 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a <em>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 (IEA)<\/em> \u0928\u0947 400 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092c\u0948\u0930\u0932 \u0906\u092a\u093e\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0924\u0947\u0932 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u093f\u0932\u0940\u091c\u093c \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u092a\u093e\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930:<\/strong> IEA \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0939\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 1.2 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092c\u0948\u0930\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u092a\u093e\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0924\u0947\u0932 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 600 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092c\u0948\u0930\u0932 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0928 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e 1974 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <em>1973 \u0905\u0930\u092c \u0924\u0947\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927<\/em> \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0925\u0940, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0905\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0924\u0947\u0932 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>IEA \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u093e\u0901\u091a \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u0947\u0932 \u0930\u093f\u0932\u0940\u091c\u093c \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0916\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 (1990\u20131991)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0939\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u0948\u091f\u0930\u0940\u0928\u093e (2005)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0932\u0940\u092c\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0908 \u0917\u0943\u0939\u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 (2011)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u0942\u0938-\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0926\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0930 (2022)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fff2cc\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 (IEA)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e: <\/strong>1973\u201374 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0947\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0947\u0932 \u0906\u0918\u093e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092a\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f:<\/strong> \u092a\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0938, \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0936: <\/strong>32 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e, \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e, \u0924\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0940, \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0928, \u0911\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928, \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091c\u093c\u0940\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921, \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0906\u0926\u093f)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0936:<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924, \u091a\u0940\u0928, \u0907\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0928\u0947\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917\u093e\u092a\u0941\u0930, \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u0905\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u093e, \u0925\u093e\u0908\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0926\u0902\u0921:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>OECD \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0906\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0947 90 \u0926\u093f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0915\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u0924\u0947\u0932\/\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0924\u0947\u0932 \u0916\u092a\u0924 \u0915\u094b 10% \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>\u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0906\u092a\u093e\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f (CERM)<\/em> \u0915\u094b \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0922\u093e\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924: IE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u0924\u0947\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u2018\u092c\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0915 \u0930\u0947\u0928\u2019<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e: GS3 \/ \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 (WHO)<\/em> \u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0947\u0932 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0924\u0947\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u201c\u092c\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0915 \u0930\u0947\u0928\u201d \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0947\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u0940 \u0926\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u201c\u092c\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0915 \u0930\u0947\u0928\u201d \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u201c\u092c\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0915 \u0930\u0947\u0928\u201d \u0909\u0938 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0916, \u0930\u093e\u0916, \u0924\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u091c\u0932 \u092c\u0942\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0917\u0939\u0930\u0947, \u0924\u0948\u0932\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0927\u0942\u0938\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0924\u092c \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093e \u091c\u0932 \u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947, \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0918\u091f\u0928 1945 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <em>\u0939\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0936\u093f\u092e\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0915\u0940<\/em> \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u092c\u092e \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u091c\u092c \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0916 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0932\u092c\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093e \u091c\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924: IE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 (KCC)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e: GS3 \/ \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 (KCC) \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092a\u0930, \u0938\u0941\u0932\u092d \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u090b\u0923 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947, \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0924, \u092c\u091f\u093e\u0908\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 (SHGs) \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 (JLGs) \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 (KCC)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 (KCC) \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 1998 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092b\u0938\u0932 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u090b\u0923 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0940\u0918\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u092a\u0942\u0902\u091c\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u090b\u0923 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u091f\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092f \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>\u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u091c \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e (MISS)<\/em> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u090b\u0923 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u20b95 \u0932\u093e\u0916 \u0924\u0915 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0909\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u20b92 \u0932\u093e\u0916 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u090b\u0923 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"98bed1\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"540\" height=\"408\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-70.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 (KCC)\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-68887\" style=\"--dominant-color: #98bed1; width:431px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-70.png 540w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-70-300x227.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 (KCC) \u0915\u093e \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0909\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u091c\u094b \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092e\u0940-\u0915\u0943\u0937\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u091f\u093e\u0908\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928, \u092e\u094c\u0916\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924, \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 (SHGs) \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 (JLGs) \u092d\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u091f\u093e\u0908\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"bfd4df\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"554\" height=\"294\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-69.png\" alt=\"\u092a\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-68886\" style=\"--dominant-color: #bfd4df; width:479px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-69.png 554w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-69-300x159.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 554px) 100vw, 554px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2238004&amp;reg=3&amp;lang=1#:~:text=The%20Kisan%20Credit%20Card%20(KCC,Rs.%202%20lakh%20per%20borrower.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>PIB<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><strong> \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d <\/strong><\/p>\n<li class=\"ms-5\"> \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0917\u0943\u0939 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u093e\u0939 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u092b\u0941\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0923\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093f\u0925\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u091c\u0932\u093f \u0905\u0930\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940\u0964 <\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong> \u0938\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u092b\u0941\u0932\u0947 (1831\u20131897) \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <\/strong><\/p>\n<li class=\"ms-5\"> \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e: \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091c\u093c\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092f\u0917\u093e\u0901\u0935 \u0917\u093e\u0901\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964 <\/li>\n<li class=\"ms-5\"> \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939: 1840 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u094c \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092f\u0941 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939 13 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935 \u092b\u0941\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964 <\/li>\n<li class=\"ms-5\"> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e\u0964 1848 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0902\u092a\u0924\u093f \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0923\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u093f\u0921\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0915\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 <\/li>\n<p><a href=\" https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs-hindi\/12-03-2026\/news-in-short-12-03-2026-hindi \" class=\"btn btn-primary btn-sm float-end\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1861],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-68885","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs-hindi"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68885","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=68885"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68885\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":68891,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68885\/revisions\/68891"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=68885"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=68885"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=68885"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}