{"id":62629,"date":"2025-12-26T18:38:47","date_gmt":"2025-12-26T13:08:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=62629"},"modified":"2025-12-26T18:39:00","modified_gmt":"2025-12-26T13:09:00","slug":"100-years-communist-party-of-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/26-12-2025\/100-years-communist-party-of-india","title":{"rendered":"100 Years of Communist Party of India (CPI)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS1\/History<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Communist Party of India completed\u00a0 100 years, marking a significant chapter in India\u2019s history.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>European Background of Communism<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Europe was divided between monarchists (Right) and republicans (Left), giving rise to the Right\u2013Left political binary after the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Industrial capitalism created wealth but also deep social inequalities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Karl Marx and Communist Ideology: <\/strong>Karl Marx envisioned a transition from capitalism to socialism due to capitalism\u2019s internal contradictions.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>He expected socialist revolutions to begin in advanced capitalist countries of Western Europe.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Russian Revolution and Global Impact<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Contrary to Marx\u2019s expectation, the first successful socialist revolution occurred in Russia in 1917.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Bolshevik Revolution opposed monarchy, capitalism, and imperialism.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It inspired anti-imperialist movements and Communist parties across non-European, colonised countries, including India.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Impact on Indian Communism<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Indian Communist movement drew strong inspiration from the Russian Revolution and Lenin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Three Political Strands Leading to CPI Formation\u00a0<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Diasporic Revolutionaries<\/strong> Led by M. N. Roy and others active in the US, Mexico, Europe, USSR, Kabul and Berlin; connected to the Communist International (Comintern).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Indian Left Groups<\/strong>: Local Communist groups in Lahore, Bombay, Calcutta and Madras, seeking coordination within India.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Growth of labour organisations<\/strong>, especially the formation of the All-India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) in 1920.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Tashkent Meeting (1920)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Indian revolutionaries, with Comintern approval, formed a Communist Party in Tashkent.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is aimed at overthrowing British imperialism and establishing socialism.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It lacked links with Indian-based revolutionary groups and mass support inside India.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Kanpur Conference (1925)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Indian Communist groups held a national conference in Kanpur and resolved to formally establish the Communist Party of India (CPI).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It declared goals of ending British rule and creating a workers\u2019 and peasants\u2019 republic.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It occurred in a politically symbolic location due to labour presence and earlier Bolshevik conspiracy cases.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Debate on CPI\u2019s Foundation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>CPI (Marxist) recognises Tashkent (1920) as the founding moment due to Comintern approval.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>CPI\u00a0 considers Kanpur (1925)<\/strong> as the true foundation, emphasising Indian initiative and mass politics.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tashkent represents the \u201cCommunist\u201d aspect; Kanpur represents the \u201cIndian\u201d aspect of Indian Communism.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Role in Anti-Imperialist Struggle<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Communists actively participated in India\u2019s freedom struggle, except during 1942\u201345 when anti-fascist war efforts took priority.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They faced repression through conspiracy cases, bans and imprisonment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Relations with the Congress<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Communists debated whether to transform the Congress from within or build an independent political alternative.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This dilemma persisted throughout the freedom movement.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mass Movements and United Fronts Led workers\u2019 and peasants\u2019 struggles and formed Workers\u2019 and Peasants\u2019 Parties.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It allied with the Congress Socialist Party in the 1930s, though the alliance collapsed by 1939.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Post-1945 and Peasant Struggles<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It led major peasant movements like Tebhaga (Bengal) and Telangana (Hyderabad).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It supported popular resistance against colonial rule.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Communist movement split between armed revolutionary paths and parliamentary democracy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It achieved electoral success in states like Kerala, West Bengal and Tripura.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Criticism and Continuing Relevance<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Communism has faced criticism for authoritarianism, corruption and declining relevance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Despite limitations, it continues to stand for the disadvantaged in a world marked by deep global inequalities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source :IE<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><strong>In News<\/strong><\/p>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">The Communist Party of India completed\u00a0 100 years, marking a significant chapter in India\u2019s history.\u00a0<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>European Background of Communism<\/strong><\/p>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">Europe was divided between monarchists (Right) and republicans (Left), giving rise to the Right\u2013Left political binary after the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">Industrial capitalism created wealth but also deep social inequalities.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">Karl Marx and Communist Ideology: Karl Marx envisioned a transition from capitalism to socialism due to capitalism\u2019s internal contradictions.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">He expected socialist revolutions to begin in advanced capitalist countries of Western Europe.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/26-12-2025\/100-years-communist-party-of-india\" class=\"btn btn-primary btn-sm float-end\">Read\u00a0More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-62629","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62629","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62629"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62629\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":62647,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62629\/revisions\/62647"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62629"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62629"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62629"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}