{"id":61108,"date":"2025-12-08T16:29:03","date_gmt":"2025-12-08T10:59:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=61108"},"modified":"2025-12-15T15:56:35","modified_gmt":"2025-12-15T10:26:35","slug":"news-in-short-in-hindi-8-december-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs-hindi\/08-12-2025\/news-in-short-in-hindi-8-december-2025","title":{"rendered":"\u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 08-12-2025"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">11\u0935\u093e\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0939\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0935 (IISF)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e: GS3\/\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940; \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>11\u0935\u093e\u0901 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0939\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0935 (IISF) \u092a\u0902\u091a\u0915\u0941\u0932\u093e, \u0939\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0923\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0939\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0935 (IISF)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 2015 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928, \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930, \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091c\u0928-\u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902, \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0925\u0940\u092e:<\/strong> IISF 2025 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0939\u0948 <em>\u201c\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f: \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u201d<\/em>\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>IISF 2025 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0901\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930-\u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u0948\u0935-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0935-\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source :<a href=\"https:\/\/ddnews.gov.in\/en\/11th-india-international-science-festival-to-begin-tomorrow-showcasing-science-led-progress\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0938 \u092b\u0942\u0921 \u092b\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u0932 2025<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e: \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0928\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0938 \u092b\u0942\u0921 \u092b\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u0932 2025, \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0906\u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 (NRLM) \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 (SHGs) \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0902\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0938 \u092b\u0942\u0921 \u092b\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u0932 2025<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 62 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 500 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0902\u091c\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947 \u0917\u090f, \u091c\u094b \u0939\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0923\u093e, \u0905\u0930\u0941\u0923\u093e\u091a\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936, \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930, \u0915\u0947\u0930\u0932, \u0905\u0938\u092e, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0916\u0902\u0921, \u0917\u094b\u0935\u093e, \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u093e\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0908 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 SHGs \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 300 \u201c\u0932\u0916\u092a\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0940\u0926\u0940\u201d \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fff2cc\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0906\u092a \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/strong><br><strong>\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0938 \u0906\u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0932\u093e<\/strong> \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0940\u0928\u0926\u092f\u093e\u0932 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0926\u092f \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e-\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0906\u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0906\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>\u092f\u0939 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u092c\u0947\u091a\u0928\u0947, \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0902\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>\u092f\u0939 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928, \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947, \u0906\u092f \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u092d\u0930 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924: PIB<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u0936\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0902\u0917<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e: GS3\/\u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0932\u0926\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0916 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 124 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0918\u093e\u091f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0936\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0902\u0917<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 920 \u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u0915\u091f-\u090f\u0902\u0921-\u0915\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0932\u0926\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0916 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e (LAC) \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u0940, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 2020-2024 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0925\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0940\u091b\u0947 \u0939\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0930\u0916\u0930\u0916\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928 \u092d\u0942\u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0949\u091c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u0940\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924: IE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0942 \u0926\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e: GS3\/\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u094b\u0926\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u0939\u093e\u0932 \u0939\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0915\u093f \u201c\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0942 \u0926\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u201d \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0914\u092a\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0938\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0926\u0936\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0927\u0940\u092e\u0940 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u2018\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0942 \u0926\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u2019 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0926\u0930 (\u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 3\u20133.5% \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937) \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0924 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0926\u0936\u0915\u094b\u0902 (1950 \u0938\u0947 1970 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0923 \u0928\u0947 1970 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0922\u093c\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>\u201c\u0926 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u092b\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0948\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u091f\u0942 \u0907\u0915\u0949\u0928\u0949\u092e\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0907\u0928 \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e\u201d<\/em> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0930\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0923 \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u092e\u091c\u093c\u094b\u0930 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u201c\u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0926-\u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u201d \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u0926\u0936\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u201c\u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924\u201d \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u201c\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0942\u201d \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0907\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0939\u0940 \u0917\u0908?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0926\u0930 3\u20133.5% \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0938\u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0930\u0939\u0940, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0928 \u0926\u0936\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0914\u0938\u0924\u0928 2% \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0928\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f-\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924, \u0906\u092f\u093e\u0924-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928, \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938-\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093f\u091f-\u0915\u094b\u091f\u093e \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0932\u093e\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902, 1980 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0906\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u201c\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0942 \u0926\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u201d \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: IE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0921\u093c\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 (BRO)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e: GS3\/ \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0926\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0916, \u091c\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0942 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0936\u094d\u092e\u0940\u0930 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u20b95,000 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0921\u093c\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 (BRO) \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0921\u093c\u0915\u094b\u0902, \u092a\u0941\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0918\u093e\u091f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0921\u093c\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 (BRO) \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e:<\/strong> 1960<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u092d\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0915 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f:<\/strong> \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f (MoD)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u094b\u091f\u094b:<\/strong> <em>\u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u0923 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e<\/em> (\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0939\u0928\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092c \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0939\u0948)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u0921\u093c\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u0932 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0938\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0921\u093c\u0915 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0930\u0916\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0921\u093c\u0915 (DGBR) \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2014 \u091c\u094b \u0932\u0947\u092b\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0928\u0947\u0902\u091f \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0932 (\u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e) \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0921\u093c\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0932\u094b\u0902 (BRTFs) \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0915, \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u092f\u0915, \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0926\u0902\u0924\u0915, \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0915, \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0909\u0926\u092f\u0915 \u0906\u0926\u093f) \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"ededed\" data-has-transparency=\"true\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"605\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-55-1024x605.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"has-transparency wp-image-61109\" style=\"--dominant-color: #ededed; aspect-ratio:1.692588627920156;width:481px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-55-1024x605.png 1024w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-55-300x177.png 300w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-55-768x454.png 768w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-55-1536x908.png 1536w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-55.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924: AIR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u092b\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0938: \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e: GS3\/\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 50 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092b\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0930\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e 14 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091f\u0940\u092e \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u201c\u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0918\u0942\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915\u201d \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0915\u0949\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092b\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u0949\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092b\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0940\u092f \u091c\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940, \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940, \u0927\u093e\u0917\u0947\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0948\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u0924\u092c \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u092c \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0917\u0948\u0938, \u0921\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0948\u091f\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a\u0915\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092b\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0940\u092f \u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 (\u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932, \u0916\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902) \u0915\u094b \u0918\u0947\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0940\u092f \u091c\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"1d2530\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"745\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-56-1024x745.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-61110\" style=\"--dominant-color: #1d2530; aspect-ratio:1.3745142155860095;width:326px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-56-1024x745.png 1024w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-56-300x218.png 300w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-56-768x559.png 768w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-56.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092b\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0926\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092a\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0922\u0939 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0918\u0928\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092b\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0930\u093e\u091c\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u092c \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u092b\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092b\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092c\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0940, \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0926\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0947 \u0905\u0930\u092c\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0928\u092f\u093e \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0928 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932\u0935\u093f\u0926 \u092b\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932\u0935\u093f\u0926 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0915\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u092e\u0941\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092b\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0932\u0939\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/science\/what-are-cosmic-filaments\/article70368437.ece\/amp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>11\u0935\u093e\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0939\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0935 (IISF) \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e: GS3\/\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940; \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0939\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0935 (IISF) Source :DD \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0938 \u092b\u0942\u0921 \u092b\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u0932 2025 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e: \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0938 \u092b\u0942\u0921 \u092b\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u0932 2025 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0906\u092a \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902?\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0938 \u0906\u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0932\u093e \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0940\u0928\u0926\u092f\u093e\u0932 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0926\u092f \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e-\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0906\u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0906\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u092f\u0939 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1861],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61108","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs-hindi"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61108","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61108"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61108\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":61176,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61108\/revisions\/61176"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61108"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61108"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61108"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}