{"id":59218,"date":"2025-11-15T18:43:01","date_gmt":"2025-11-15T13:13:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=59218"},"modified":"2025-11-15T18:43:12","modified_gmt":"2025-11-15T13:13:12","slug":"birsa-munda-150th-birth-anniversary","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/15-11-2025\/birsa-munda-150th-birth-anniversary","title":{"rendered":"150th Birth Anniversary of Birsa Munda"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS1\/History<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>15 November is observed as Janjatiya Gaurav Divas, commemorating the birth anniversary of <strong>Bhagwan Birsa Munda.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Government designated this day as Janjatiya Gaurav Divas in 2021.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Birsa Munda<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>He was born in 1874 in Ulihatu village, Jharkhand and was a spiritual reformer and freedom fighter. He is Known as <strong>Dharti Aaba (\u201cFather of the Earth\u201d).<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He led the <strong>Ulgulan or \u201cGreat Tumult\u201d (1899\u20131900)<\/strong> (also called <strong>Munda Rebellion (1895\u20131900)<\/strong>) which was a fierce movement for tribal self-rule and the restoration of Khuntkatti (community land rights).\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He united the Munda tribes against British land laws and feudal exploitation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He envisioned a moral, self-governed society free from colonial influence.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He was captured and martyred in Ranchi Jail at the age of 25.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ebecf0\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Munda Rebellion (1895\u20131900)<\/strong><br>&#8211; Also known as<strong> Ulgulan (The Great Tumult<\/strong>), was a major tribal uprising led by Birsa Munda against British colonial rule, exploitative <strong>outsiders (called Dikus)<\/strong>, and the erosion of traditional tribal systems in the <strong>Chhotanagpur region.<\/strong><br>&#8211; The rebellion is seen as a landmark event in tribal resistance and eventually prompted legislative changes such as the <strong>Chotanagpur Tenancy Act (CNT Act) of 1908 <\/strong>to protect tribal land rights.<br><strong>Major Reasons for the Revolt<\/strong><br>&#8211; <strong>Economic Exploitation &amp; Land Alienation: <\/strong>The imposition of British colonial land revenue policies dismantled the traditional Khuntkatti system of communal land ownership. Land was transferred to zamindars, moneylenders, contractors, and non-tribal settlers (Dikus), leading to widespread alienation of tribal land.<br>&#8211; <strong>Forced Labour (Beth Begari): <\/strong>Tribals, especially Mundas, were subjected to compulsory, often unpaid, labor for the British and Dikus, further exacerbating their hardships and fueling resentment.\u200b<br>&#8211; <strong>Religious and Cultural Suppression:<\/strong> Missionary activities, forced conversions, and the imposition of foreign laws threatened traditional religious practices.<br>&#8211; <strong>Political Marginalization:<\/strong> The British administration took over the Mundas\u2019 traditional rights to land, justice, and self-administration, undermining their autonomy and traditional leadership.\u200b<br>&#8211; <strong>Identity Assertion &amp; Leadership of Birsa Munda: <\/strong>Birsa Munda\u2019s leadership gave a new sense of identity, spiritual revival, and mobilization, rallying the community to resist colonial exploitation and restore their rights.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Governments Steps\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Janjatiya Gaurav Divas honors the legacy of <strong>Birsa Munda and the contributions of Scheduled Tribes, <\/strong>aiming to integrate their struggles and heritage into India\u2019s national consciousness.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Through initiatives like the Tribal Pride Year and 11 dedicated museums, the government reinforces the vision of Ek Bharat, Shreshtha Bharat\u2014a united nation celebrating all communities.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00a0These museums, funded under the Support to Tribal Research Institutes scheme, aim to document and disseminate tribal histories often overlooked in mainstream narratives.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source :<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2189915\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PIB<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><strong>In News<\/strong><\/p>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">15 November is observed as Janjatiya Gaurav Divas, commemorating the birth anniversary of Bhagwan Birsa Munda.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Birsa Munda<\/strong><\/p>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">He was born in 1874 in Ulihatu village, Jharkhand and was a spiritual reformer and freedom fighter. He is Known as Dharti Aaba (\u201cFather of the Earth\u201d).<\/li>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">He led the Ulgulan or \u201cGreat Tumult\u201d (1899\u20131900) (also called Munda Rebellion (1895\u20131900)) which was a fierce movement for tribal self-rule and the restoration of Khuntkatti (community land rights).\u00a0<\/li>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">He united the Munda tribes against British land laws and feudal exploitation.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">He envisioned a moral, self-governed society free from colonial influence.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/15-11-2025\/birsa-munda-150th-birth-anniversary\" class=\"btn btn-primary btn-sm float-end\">Read\u00a0More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-59218","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59218","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59218"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59218\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":59242,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59218\/revisions\/59242"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59218"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=59218"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=59218"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}