{"id":58014,"date":"2025-10-30T20:08:52","date_gmt":"2025-10-30T14:38:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=58014"},"modified":"2025-11-03T19:14:13","modified_gmt":"2025-11-03T13:44:13","slug":"news-in-short-30-october-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/30-10-2025\/news-in-short-30-october-2025","title":{"rendered":"News in Short \u2013 30 October, 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Hurricane Melissa<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS1\/Geography<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hurricane Melissa made a catastrophic landfall in Jamaica, bringing extreme rainfall, storm surge, and potential structural collapse.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fff2cc\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Melissa <\/strong>is the strongest storm to hit <strong>Jamaica <\/strong><em>since <\/em><strong>1988\u2019s <\/strong>Hurricane Gilbert and is expected to impact southeastern Cuba and the Bahamas.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Hurricanes<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is also known as <strong>typhoons <\/strong>or cyclones depending on their location and are the most intense storms on Earth.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Scientifically termed <strong>tropical cyclone<\/strong>s, they all form through the same process, but only those originating in the <strong>Atlantic or eastern Pacific are called hurricane<\/strong>s.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A six-year rotating list of names, updated and maintained by the World Meteorological Organization, is used to identify these storms.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Names can be retired if storms cause significant damage or casualties, based on member consensus.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Formation&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"89a2bd\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"251\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Formation-.webp\" alt=\"formation\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-58019\" style=\"--dominant-color: #89a2bd; width:454px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Formation-.webp 450w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Formation--300x167.webp 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tropical cyclones are powerful storms that form over warm ocean waters near the equator, fueled by <strong>rising warm, moist air that creates low-pressure zones<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>As surrounding air rushes in, it also warms, rises, and forms clouds, causing the system to spin due to Earth\u2019s rotation\u2014<strong>counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere<\/strong> and <strong>clockwise in the Southern<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>As the storm intensifies, an eye forms at the center, marked by calm and low pressure.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>When wind speeds reach 39 mph, it becomes a tropical storm, and at 74 mph, a tropical cyclone or hurricane.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>These storms weaken over land but can still cause heavy rain and wind damage inland.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"d5b472\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"777\" height=\"246\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/10\/wind-speeds-.webp\" alt=\"wind speeds \" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-58017\" style=\"--dominant-color: #d5b472; width:587px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/10\/wind-speeds-.webp 777w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/10\/wind-speeds--300x95.webp 300w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/10\/wind-speeds--768x243.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 777px) 100vw, 777px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Source : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/international\/hurricane-melissa-jamaica-updates-october-28-2025\/article70210957.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TH<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Model Youth Gram Sabha Initiative<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/ Polity and Governance<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Union government launched the <strong>Model Youth Gram Sabha (MYGS) initiative<\/strong> along with a Training Module and the MYGS Portal in New Delhi.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Model Youth Gram Sabha (MYGS)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The Model Youth Gram Sabha (MYGS) <\/strong>is a pioneering initiative to strengthen Janbhagidari and promote participatory local governance by engaging students in simulated Gram Sabha sessions.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Aligned with National Education Policy 2020<\/strong>, it aims to inculcate democratic values, civic responsibility and leadership among youth, nurturing future citizens committed to transparency, accountability and the vision of Viksit Bharat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The initiative is a joint effort of the <strong>Ministry of Panchayati Raj, the Ministry of Education, and the Ministry of Tribal Affairs.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The initiative will be rolled out across more than <strong>1,000 schools<\/strong> nationwide, including Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas (JNVs), Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRSs), and State Government Schools.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newsonair.gov.in\/government-to-launch-model-youth-gram-sabha-initiative-in-new-delhi-today\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>AIR<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>AmazonFACE Experiment<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/Environment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In Brazil\u2019s Amazon rainforest, scientists have built a unique experiment called <strong>AmazonFACE<\/strong> to simulate future atmospheric conditions by pumping <strong>carbon dioxide (CO\u2082)<\/strong> into the forest canopy.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The goal is to understand how the Amazon \u2014 often called the \u201clungs of the Earth\u201d \u2014 will adapt to rising CO\u2082 levels in the coming decades.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About the Project:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>AmazonFACE (Free-Air CO\u2082 Enrichment)<\/strong> is located near <strong>Manaus<\/strong>, Brazil.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The setup includes <strong>six steel tower rings<\/strong>, each surrounding 50\u201370 mature trees.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Three rings will be fumigated with elevated CO\u2082 to mirror <strong>future climate projections (2050\u20132060)<\/strong>, while others serve as controls.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sensors monitor forest responses every 10 minutes \u2014 tracking CO\u2082 absorption, oxygen release, and changes in humidity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The project is led by <strong>INPA (National Institute for Amazon Research)<\/strong> and <strong>Universidade Estadual de Campinas<\/strong>, with support from <strong>Brazil and the United Kingdom<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/ddnews.gov.in\/en\/scientists-run-climate-time-machine-in-amazon-as-brazil-preps-for-cop30\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DDNews<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Superfluid Helium to Study Nonlinear Wave Dynamics Such as Tsunamis and Solitons<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/Science and Technology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Researchers at the University of Queensland have developed a chip-scale wave flume using a 6.7-nanometre film of superfluid helium to study nonlinear wave dynamics such as tsunamis and solitons.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ebecf0\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Do you know?<\/strong><br>&#8211; Tsunamis and solitons are examples of nonlinear waves, whose behaviour changes unpredictably with conditions.<br>1. <strong>Tsunamis <\/strong>are large and destructive, while <strong>solitons <\/strong>are stable, solitary waves that maintain their shape and speed over long distances.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Latest Developments<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Researchers used laser light to generate and measure waves&nbsp; and observed long-predicted phenomena such as backward wave steepening, shock fronts, and soliton fission\u2014solitary waves travelling as troughs instead of crests.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Although the microscopic system operates under different forces, it follows the same Korteweg\u2013De Vries equation that governs large-scale waves, making it mathematically equivalent.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The platform offers a fast, precise way to explore nonlinear fluid dynamics and advances research in optomechanics.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Significance&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The recent&nbsp; innovation enables ultra-fast, tunable experiments and opens new frontiers in optomechanics and nonlinear physics at microscopic scales, with implications for disaster prediction and communication technologies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source :<a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/ccidist-ws\/th\/th_international\/issues\/153987\/OPS\/G6LF2C8ST.1+GFQF3G386.1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TH<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><strong>In News<\/strong><\/p>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">Hurricane Melissa made a catastrophic landfall in Jamaica, bringing extreme rainfall, storm surge, and potential structural collapse.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Hurricanes<\/strong><\/p>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">It is also known as typhoons or cyclones depending on their location and are the most intense storms on Earth.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">Scientifically termed tropical cyclones, they all form through the same process, but only those originating in the Atlantic or eastern Pacific are called hurricanes.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">A six-year rotating list of names, updated and maintained by the World Meteorological Organization, is used to identify these storms.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">Names can be retired if storms cause significant damage or casualties, based on member consensus.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/30-10-2025\/news-in-short-30-october-2025\" class=\"btn btn-primary btn-sm float-end\">Read\u00a0More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-58014","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58014","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=58014"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58014\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":58343,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58014\/revisions\/58343"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=58014"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=58014"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=58014"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}