{"id":55826,"date":"2025-10-03T21:02:00","date_gmt":"2025-10-03T15:32:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=55826"},"modified":"2025-10-04T14:49:24","modified_gmt":"2025-10-04T09:19:24","slug":"visvesvaraya-muthulakshmi-and-mahalanobis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/03-10-2025\/visvesvaraya-muthulakshmi-and-mahalanobis","title":{"rendered":"Visvesvaraya, Muthulakshmi and Mahalanobis\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Syllabus :GS1\/History\/GS3\/Economy&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In Context<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>+y<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>He was born on September 15, 1861 and is regarded as one of India\u2019s greatest engineers whose pioneering work revolutionised infrastructure development.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He also served as the<strong> Diwan of Mysore <\/strong>and<strong> president of the All-India Manufacturers\u2019 Organisation.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He was a key <strong>figure in India\u2019s push for industrial modernity<\/strong> during colonial times.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He led pioneering projects in <strong>irrigation, flood control, education, infrastructure, and economic planning.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He believed in self-reliance, integrity, and national progress through education and development.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He was conferred with the <strong>Bharat Ratna in 1955<\/strong> and his legacy extends beyond engineering to economics, governance and nation-building, making him one of the most influential figures in modern India.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Muthulakshmi Reddy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Muthulakshmi Reddy, born in Pudukottai, overcame early discrimination to become the<strong> first Indian woman surgeon from Madras Medical College.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A pioneer in women\u2019s rights, she was also the first woman legislator in Madras, who fought against the<strong> Devadasi system<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>She founded the Avvai women\u2019s shelter, and established the Adyar cancer hospital with a commitment to equal treatment for all patients.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Her legacy lives on through Tamil Nadu\u2019s maternity benefit scheme named after her, and her inspirational impact remains strong in her hometown.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, initially a science student in England, became a pioneer in applying statistics for India\u2019s economic development.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He founded the<strong> Indian Statistical Institute in 1932<\/strong> and the <strong>National Sample Survey in 1950, <\/strong>which played a key role in shaping India\u2019s data-driven planning, especially during the<strong> Second Five Year Plan focused on industrial growth<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>His surveys provided critical insights into poverty, employment, and consumption across India.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He believed statistics should serve the purpose of addressing poverty, highlighting his commitment to public service and national progress\u2014values shared by other reformers like Visvesvaraya and Muthulakshmi Reddy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How did they shape modern India?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>They&nbsp; made foundational contributions to independent India through public service and institutional development.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>United by their commitment to public service, institutional reform, and social progress, they helped define India\u2019s post-independence aspirations and left enduring legacies in engineering, healthcare, and economic governance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/ccidist-ws\/th\/th_international\/issues\/150453\/OPS\/GU5EUFL0G.1+G45EVKS8V.1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><strong>In Context<\/strong><\/p>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">Recent national commemorations and public discussions have revisited the enduring legacies and highlighted the continued influence of Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya, Muthulakshmi Reddy, and Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis in 2025.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya<\/strong><\/p>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">He was born on September 15, 1861 and is regarded as one of India\u2019s greatest engineers whose pioneering work revolutionised infrastructure development.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">He also served as the Diwan of Mysore and president of the All-India Manufacturers\u2019 Organisation.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">He was a key figure in India\u2019s push for industrial modernity during colonial times.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">He led pioneering projects in irrigation, flood control, education, infrastructure, and economic planning.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/03-10-2025\/visvesvaraya-muthulakshmi-and-mahalanobis\" class=\"btn btn-primary btn-sm float-end\">Read\u00a0More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":55863,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55826","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/10\/visvesvaraya-muthulakshmi-mahalanobis.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55826","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=55826"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55826\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":55945,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55826\/revisions\/55945"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/55863"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=55826"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=55826"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=55826"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}