{"id":52027,"date":"2025-08-23T19:26:25","date_gmt":"2025-08-23T13:56:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=52027"},"modified":"2025-08-25T19:07:17","modified_gmt":"2025-08-25T13:37:17","slug":"migration-essential-globalisation-amartya-sen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/23-08-2025\/migration-essential-globalisation-amartya-sen","title":{"rendered":"Migration is Essential To Globalisation: Amartya Sen"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/Economy; Population<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nobel laureate Amartya Sen recently stressed that migration has been a major source of global progress, enabling exchange of knowledge, culture, and values.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About Migration<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Migration is the movement of people across borders or within countries \u2014 is a defining feature of the interconnected world.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is driven by opportunity, necessity, or aspiration, and influences economies, cultures, and governance on a global scale.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Types:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Internal Migration:<\/strong> Within a country (rural\u2013urban, inter-state, intra-state).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>International Migration: <\/strong>Movement across countries.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Voluntary vs Forced:<\/strong> Choice-based (jobs, education) vs distress-driven (conflict, climate change, persecution).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Seasonal\/Circular Migration:<\/strong> Short-term, often linked to agriculture, construction, or informal work.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The migration that is safe, orderly, and humane, aligning with the <strong>UN\u2019s Sustainable Development Goals (SDG Target 10.7).<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Trend in Migration<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Global Migration: <\/strong>According to the <strong>World Migration Report 2024, <\/strong>there were approximately 281 million international migrants in 2020 \u2014 about 3.6% of the global population \u2014 a steady rise from 2.8% in 2000.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Migration corridors have evolved, with the Mexico\u2013USA, Syria\u2013T\u00fcrkiye, and India\u2013UAE routes among the largest.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>India, Mexico, and China are among the top countries of origin, while the U.S. remains the largest destination and remittance-sending country.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/editorial-analysis\/14-04-2025\/legal-migration-india-demographic-dividend\"><strong>Migration in India<\/strong><\/a><strong>: <\/strong>India is the largest country of origin for international migrants, with over 18 million Indians living abroad.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>78th Round of NSSO reveals:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Marriage is the leading reason for migration (68.2%), followed by employment (22%).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Uttar Pradesh to Maharashtra is the most significant internal migration corridor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Suburban Mumbai, Pune, and Thane host the highest number of migrants.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f4f5f4\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"671\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/08\/causes-of-migration-1024x671.png\" alt=\"causes-of-migration\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-52028\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f4f5f4; width:447px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/08\/causes-of-migration-1024x671.png 1024w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/08\/causes-of-migration-300x196.png 300w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/08\/causes-of-migration-768x503.png 768w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/08\/causes-of-migration-1536x1006.png 1536w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/08\/causes-of-migration.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Importance of Migration &amp; How It Fuels Globalisation?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Economic Integration &amp; Labor Mobility:<\/strong> Migrants fill critical labor gaps in aging economies, especially in sectors like healthcare, construction, and technology.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The International Organization for Migration (IOM) reports that migrants contribute disproportionately to economic growth. For example, Latin American immigrants in Chile made up just 3.5% of the workforce but contributed 11.5% to GDP growth between 2009\u20132017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Migration enables rapid deployment of talent, essential for innovation and competitiveness in global markets.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Remittances &amp; Capital Flow:<\/strong> Remittances from migrants reached $831 billion globally in 2022, a 650% increase since 2000.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>India alone received over $111 billion, making it the top remittance recipient worldwide.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>These financial flows often exceed foreign direct investment, boosting local economies and reducing poverty in origin countries.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Knowledge Transfer &amp; Innovation:<\/strong> Migrants bring diverse perspectives and expertise, fostering innovation in host countries.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Migration facilitates the exchange of scientific ideas, cultural practices, and entrepreneurial models.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cultural Diversity &amp; Social Enrichment: <\/strong>Migration enhances cultural pluralism, introducing new languages, cuisines, art forms, and traditions.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Diverse societies tend to be more resilient, creative, and globally connected.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Related Challenges &amp; Misconceptions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Irregular &amp; Unsafe Migration Pathways:<\/strong> Many migrants move without legal documentation, exposing them to exploitation, trafficking, and abuse.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>According to the UN, over 43 million people were forcibly displaced in 2024, including refugees and asylum seekers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>International Organization for Migration (IOM) highlights the need for regular migration pathways to reduce vulnerability and ensure access to rights.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Precarious Working Conditions: <\/strong>Migrant workers often face lower wages, poor safety standards, and limited access to healthcare.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Globally, ILO data shows migrants earn 25% less than local workers on average.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Policy Gaps &amp; Governance Failures:<\/strong> India struggles with implementation of migration-related agreements, despite signing multiple MoUs with destination countries.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The absence of a robust Emigration Act and lack of coordination between central and state governments hinder effective migration management.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gender &amp; Child Vulnerabilities:<\/strong> Women and children migrants face heightened risks of abuse, trafficking, and marginalization.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Climate-Induced Displacement:<\/strong> Droughts, floods, and extreme weather events are driving migration in vulnerable regions.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In<strong> Odisha, India<\/strong>, distress migration is often a survival strategy in drought-prone areas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Illegal Immigration &amp; National Security: <\/strong>Countries face challenges balancing humanitarian obligations with border control.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>India\u2019s northeastern states grapple with undocumented migration from neighboring countries, sparking debates over identity and citizenship.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Way Ahead<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Humane &amp; Inclusive Policies: <\/strong>Recognise migration as a right and opportunity, not a threat.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Safeguard voting rights (Amartya Sen\u2019s concern on SIR).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Strengthen Social Protection: <\/strong>Universal portability of PDS, health, education.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Legal protection for informal workers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Balanced Regional Development: <\/strong>Invest in rural infrastructure, agro-processing, small towns to reduce distress migration.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Urban Planning: <\/strong>Affordable housing, sanitation, transport to absorb migrant influx sustainably.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/migration-is-essential-to-global-advancement-says-nobel-laureate-amartya-sen\/article69964656.ece\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Source: TH<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<h3><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">Nobel laureate Amartya Sen recently stressed that migration has been a major source of global progress, enabling exchange of knowledge, culture, and values.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Way Ahead<\/strong><\/h3>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">Humane &#038; Inclusive Policies: Recognise migration as a right and opportunity, not a threat.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">Safeguard voting rights (Amartya Sen\u2019s concern on SIR).<\/li>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">Strengthen Social Protection: Universal portability of PDS, health, education.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">Legal protection for informal workers.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/23-08-2025\/migration-essential-globalisation-amartya-sen\" class=\"btn btn-primary btn-sm float-end\">Read\u00a0More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52027","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52027","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=52027"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52027\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":52058,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52027\/revisions\/52058"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=52027"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=52027"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=52027"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}