{"id":49889,"date":"2025-07-31T21:01:30","date_gmt":"2025-07-31T15:31:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=49889"},"modified":"2025-07-31T21:01:41","modified_gmt":"2025-07-31T15:31:41","slug":"lok-sabha-approved-manipur-president-rule-extension","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/31-07-2025\/lok-sabha-approved-manipur-president-rule-extension","title":{"rendered":"Lok Sabha Approved Extension of\u00a0 President\u2019s Rule in Manipur\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/Governance&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Lok Sabha has given its approval to the statutory resolution regarding the extension of<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/president-rule\/\"> <strong>President\u2019s rule<\/strong><\/a><strong> in Manipu<\/strong>r for a further period of six months with effect from 13th of August 2025.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Background&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Manipur was placed under<strong> <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/president-rule\/\"><strong>President\u2019s Rule <\/strong><\/a><strong>in February 2025 <\/strong>&nbsp;after erstwhile Chief Minister N. Biren Singh stepped down, nearly two years after the ethnic conflict began in the State between the valley-based Meitei community and the hills-based Scheduled Tribe Kuki-Zo group of communities.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The conflict originated from the <strong>Meitei demand for Scheduled Tribe (ST) status, which the Kukis opposed<\/strong>, fearing loss of job opportunities and other affirmative actions meant for STs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fff2cc\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Do you know?<\/strong><br>&#8211; <strong>Emergency provisions in Part XVIII of the Indian Constitution, <\/strong>inspired by the <strong>German Constitution<\/strong>, allow the Central government to manage crises threatening India&#8217;s sovereignty, unity, or security.<br>&#8211; There are three <strong>types of emergencies<\/strong>: national (Article 352), state (Article 356), and financial (Article 360).<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>President\u2019s Rule<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is a state emergency which is commonly called <strong>President\u2019s Rule. <\/strong>The term<strong> \u2018President\u2019s Rule\u2019 is not mentioned <\/strong>in the Constitution.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It has been declared under<strong> Article 356<\/strong>, fulfilling the Union\u2019s duty under Article <strong>355 to protect states<\/strong> from external aggression or internal disturbances to ensure that State governments operate as per the Constitution.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Article 356(1)<\/strong> allows the President to declare President\u2019s Rule if a State\u2019s constitutional machinery fails due to <strong>non-performance or malperformanc<\/strong>e, based on the Governor&#8217;s report or otherwise.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>This shifts the State&#8217;s executive powers to the Centre and legislative powers to Parliament, while the High Court remains unaffected.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Under Article 365, <\/strong>if a State disobeys Union directions, the President may also declare a Constitutional Emergency.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Conditions&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The proclamation must be approved by both<strong> Houses of Parliament<\/strong> within<strong> two months and can last six months per approval.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It may be extended beyond a year only if a national emergency is in force and the Election Commission certifies election difficulties.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>However, <strong>President\u2019s Rule cannot exceed three years<\/strong> in total and can be revoked anytime.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ebecf0\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>How is a \u2018constitutional emergency\u2019 different from a \u2018national emergency\u2019?<\/strong><br>&#8211; A <strong>Constitutional emergency<\/strong> (Article 356) and a <strong>National emergency<\/strong> (Article 352) differ in purpose, scope, and procedure.<br>&#8211; <strong>A national emergency<\/strong> is declared when India\u2019s security is threatened by war, external aggression, or armed rebellion.<br>1. It affects the entire nation or part of it and requires a<strong> special majority in Parliament.&nbsp;<\/strong><br>2. It has no time limit, and state governments continue to function.&nbsp;<br>3. The<strong> 44th Amendment (1978) introduced safeguards, including Cabinet approval, judicial review,<\/strong> and <strong>protection of fundamental rights under Articles 20 and 21.<\/strong><br>&#8211; <strong>A constitutional emergency, or President\u2019s Rule,<\/strong> is imposed when a state\u2019s government fails to function constitutionally.&nbsp;<br>1. It <strong>requires only a simple majority<\/strong> in Parliament,<strong> can last up to three years, <\/strong>and shifts executive powers to the Centre while suspending or dissolving the state legislature.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Impacts&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Unlike a national emergency, President\u2019s Rule does not suspend citizens\u2019 fundamental rights.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>During a national emergency, Article 19 freedoms can be suspended under Article 358, and o<strong>ther rights (except Articles 20 and 21) may also be restricted.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Under President\u2019s Rule, the President assumes special powers, with the Governor administering the State on her behalf, aided by the Chief Secretary or appointed advisers.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Article 357 allows Parliament<\/strong> to transfer legislative powers to the President or another authority and enables the<strong> President to approve spending from the State\u2019s Consolidated Fund.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Instances of Use<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Despite Dr. B.R. Ambedkar&#8217;s hope that it would remain a &#8220;dead letter,&#8221; President\u2019s Rule has been imposed nearly 134 times across 29 States and UTs since 1950.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>First applied in <strong>Punjab in 1951<\/strong>, it has served as both a crisis-management tool and a politically sensitive measure.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Manipur and Uttar Pradesh share the highest number of impositions at 10 each, with Manipur\u2019s latest making it 11 times.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jammu &amp; Kashmir holds the record for the longest cumulative period under President\u2019s Rule (over 12 years), followed by Punjab (over 10 years) and Puducherry (over 7 years).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Judicial Interpretation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"f0f0f0\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"317\" height=\"252\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image.png\" alt=\"Judicial Interpretation\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-49958\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f0f0f0; width:341px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image.png 317w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-300x238.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 317px) 100vw, 317px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Supreme Court\u2019s landmark judgment in <strong>S.R. Bommai v. Union of India (1994) <\/strong>redefined the use of<strong> President\u2019s Rule under Article 356<\/strong>, emphasizing it should be a last resort option.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Court stated that while India&#8217;s federal system favors the Centre, States are not mere extensions of it.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It should be used only in cases of <strong>constitutional breakdown.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The SC ruled that the<strong> President\u2019s power under Article 356 is conditional, not absolute<\/strong>, and <strong>subject to judicial review.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Once imposed, the State government must step down, as two governments cannot coexist.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source: TH<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<h3><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">The Lok Sabha has given its approval to the statutory resolution regarding the extension of President\u2019s rule in Manipur for a further period of six months with effect from 13th of August 2025.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Background\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">Manipur was placed under President\u2019s Rule in February 2025 \u00a0after erstwhile Chief Minister N. Biren Singh stepped down, nearly two years after the ethnic conflict began in the State between the valley-based Meitei community and the hills-based Scheduled Tribe Kuki-Zo group of communities.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">The conflict originated from the Meitei demand for Scheduled Tribe (ST) status, which the Kukis opposed, fearing loss of job opportunities and other affirmative actions meant for STs.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/31-07-2025\/lok-sabha-approved-manipur-president-rule-extension\" class=\"btn btn-primary btn-sm float-end\">Read\u00a0More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-49889","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49889","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49889"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49889\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":49961,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49889\/revisions\/49961"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49889"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49889"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49889"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}