{"id":49608,"date":"2025-07-29T21:01:58","date_gmt":"2025-07-29T15:31:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=49608"},"modified":"2025-07-29T21:02:17","modified_gmt":"2025-07-29T15:32:17","slug":"india-has-highest-slum-clusters","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/29-07-2025\/india-has-highest-slum-clusters","title":{"rendered":"India Has the Highest Number of Slum Clusters"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Syllabus :GS1\/Social Issues&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>According to a 2024 study, over 158 million people live in slums located in floodplains in South Asia, with<strong> India having the maximum share.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Around 40% of slum dwellers in <strong>India reside in urban and suburban areas.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Growth of Slums\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Slums are<strong> densely populated urban areas <\/strong>characterised by poor-quality housing, the lack of adequate living space, public services, and accommodating large numbers of informal residents with insecure tenure.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>According to <strong>UN-Habitat (2021<\/strong>), slum dwellers across the globe have increased from 980 million in 2010 to 1,059 million in 2020, accounting for 24.2% of the world\u2019s urban population.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>India\u2019s slum population in <strong>2020 is estimated at 236 million <\/strong>suggesting that nearly half of its urban population lives in slums <strong>(UN-Habitat 2021).<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Factors Driving Slums<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Rapid Urbanization: <\/strong>Massive rural-to-urban migration for livelihood and better opportunities leads to unplanned settlements.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Lack of Affordable Housing: <\/strong>Insufficient low-cost housing forces poor migrants to settle in informal slums.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Poverty and Unemployment: <\/strong>Economic insecurity prevents access to formal housing markets.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Land Scarcity and High Land Prices: <\/strong>Urban land shortages and expensive prices restrict housing availability for the poor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Inadequate Urban Planning and Governance: <\/strong>Poor infrastructure, lack of formal tenure, and weak municipal services drive informal settlements<strong>.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Social Exclusion: <\/strong>Marginalized groups face discrimination, limiting their access to decent housing.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Environmental Factors: <\/strong>Slums often develop in hazard-prone areas like floodplains (e.g., Ganga delta) due to low-cost land availability.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00a0<strong>Impacts and Concerns\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Health and Sanitation Risks: <\/strong>Overcrowding, poor sanitation, and lack of clean water cause public health issues.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vulnerability to Disasters: <\/strong>Slums are disproportionately affected by floods, heatwaves, and other climate-related disasters.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Social Challenges: <\/strong>Slum dwellers face insecure tenure, social stigma, poor education, and limited access to services.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Environmental Degradation: <\/strong>Waste accumulation and lack of green space degrade urban environments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Economic Impact:<\/strong> Public-Private Partnerships models for slum rehabilitation have failed to attract developers due to low commercial viability and regulatory hurdles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Way Ahead \/ Solutions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Holistic Slum Rehabilitation:<\/strong> Integrate housing, infrastructure, livelihood, and social services with community engagement.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Legal and Institutional Clarity: <\/strong>Streamline land rights, tenure security, and use clear frameworks for slum upgrading.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Innovative Financing: <\/strong>Utilize Public-Private Partnerships (PPP), Transferable Development Rights (TDR), and micro-financing to fund redevelopment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Inclusive Urban Planning:<\/strong> Adapt local models respecting socio-cultural and economic diversity of slum communities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Decentralized Infrastructure:<\/strong> Cost-effective sanitation, water, and energy decentralized systems tailored for slum areas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Community Participation:<\/strong> Engage slum residents in planning and implementation to ensure acceptance and cultural appropriateness.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: TH<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<h3><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">According to a 2024 study, over 158 million people live in slums located in floodplains in South Asia, with India having the maximum share.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Growth of Slums\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">Slums are densely populated urban areas characterised by poor-quality housing, the lack of adequate living space, public services, and accommodating large numbers of informal residents with insecure tenure.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">According to UN-Habitat (2021), slum dwellers across the globe have increased from 980 million in 2010 to 1,059 million in 2020, accounting for 24.2% of the world\u2019s urban population.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">India\u2019s slum population in 2020 is estimated at 236 million suggesting that nearly half of its urban population lives in slums (UN-Habitat 2021).<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/29-07-2025\/india-has-highest-slum-clusters\" class=\"btn btn-primary btn-sm float-end\">Read\u00a0More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-49608","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49608","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49608"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49608\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":49635,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49608\/revisions\/49635"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49608"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49608"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49608"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}