{"id":49453,"date":"2025-07-28T18:58:02","date_gmt":"2025-07-28T13:28:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=49453"},"modified":"2025-07-28T18:58:24","modified_gmt":"2025-07-28T13:28:24","slug":"nasa-isro-nisar-satellite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/28-07-2025\/nasa-isro-nisar-satellite","title":{"rendered":"NASA-ISRO NISAR Satellite"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/ Science and Technology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is set to launch the NISAR satellite from Sriharikota on July 30 onboard a GSLV Mk-II rocket.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>NISAR Satellite<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>NISAR is an Earth-observation satellite that stands for<strong> NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is Jointly developed by the <strong>National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) <\/strong>and the <strong>Indian Space Research Organisation<\/strong> under a partnership agreement signed in <strong>2014.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It will be launched into a <strong>polar Sun-synchronous dawn-dusk orbit<\/strong> at 747 km altitude and an inclination of 98.4\u00ba.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NISAR is the first satellite mission to collect radar data in two microwave bandwidth regions, called the <strong>L-band and the S-band.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The S-band<\/strong> payload has been made by the ISRO and the<strong> L-band <\/strong>payload by the U.S.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Monitoring of Earth Surface<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The NISAR system comprises a<strong> dual frequency, fully polarimetric radar,<\/strong> with an imaging swath greater than <strong>150 miles (240 km).\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This design permits complete global coverage every <strong>12-days,<\/strong> allowing researchers to create <strong>time-series interferometric imagery <\/strong>and systematically map the changing surface of Earth.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It can monitor various aspects in very high resolution.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>After a 90-day commissioning period, the mission will conduct a minimum of <strong>three full years<\/strong> of science operations with the L-band radar to satisfy NASA\u2019s requirements,\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ISRO requires<strong> five years<\/strong> of operations with the S-band radar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How NISAR Works?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>NISAR combines two types of <strong>Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)<\/strong> systems:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The L-band SAR (1.257 GHz)<\/strong> uses longer-wavelength radio waves that can penetrate thick vegetation and even soil, making it ideal for observing ground deformation beneath forests.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The S-band SAR (3.2 GHz)<\/strong> uses shorter-wavelength radio waves that are more effective at detecting surface details such as crops, water surfaces, and urban infrastructure.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The satellite also uses <strong>polarimetric radar technology,<\/strong> which involves sending and receiving radar signals in both horizontal and vertical polarizations.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Satellite operations and commanding<\/strong> will be managed by <strong>ISRO<\/strong>, while <strong>NASA <\/strong>will provide the<strong> orbit maneuver plan <\/strong>and radar operations plan.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"dcdcdc\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"926\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/07\/NASA-ISRO-NISAR-Satellite-926x1024.png\" alt=\"NASA-ISRO NISAR Satellite\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-49454\" style=\"--dominant-color: #dcdcdc; width:476px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/07\/NASA-ISRO-NISAR-Satellite-926x1024.png 926w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/07\/NASA-ISRO-NISAR-Satellite-271x300.png 271w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/07\/NASA-ISRO-NISAR-Satellite-768x849.png 768w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/07\/NASA-ISRO-NISAR-Satellite-1389x1536.png 1389w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/07\/NASA-ISRO-NISAR-Satellite.png 1852w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 926px) 100vw, 926px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Objectives of the Mission<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>NISAR can <strong>measure tectonic plate movements<\/strong> accurately. So a lot of geological, agricultural and water-related observations can be obtained from this satellite.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It can study the <strong>water-stressing, climate change-related issues, agricultural changes through patterns, yield, desertification and continental movements <\/strong>precisely with respect to annual water cycle movements.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NISAR&#8217;s data can help people worldwide <strong>better manage natural resources and hazards<\/strong>, as well as providing information for scientists to better understand the effects and pace of climate change.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/science\/what-makes-the-nasa-isro-nisar-satellite-so-special-explained\/article69845156.ece#:~:text=NISAR%20is%20the%20first%20m\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<h3><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is set to launch the NISAR satellite from Sriharikota on July 30 onboard a GSLV Mk-II rocket.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3><strong>NISAR Satellite<\/strong><\/h3>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">NISAR is an Earth-observation satellite that stands for NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">It is Jointly developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Indian Space Research Organisation under a partnership agreement signed in 2014.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">It will be launched into a polar Sun-synchronous dawn-dusk orbit at 747 km altitude and an inclination of 98.4\u00ba.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">NISAR is the first satellite mission to collect radar data in two microwave bandwidth regions, called the L-band and the S-band.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/28-07-2025\/nasa-isro-nisar-satellite\" class=\"btn btn-primary btn-sm float-end\">Read\u00a0More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-49453","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49453","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49453"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49453\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":49470,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49453\/revisions\/49470"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49453"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49453"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49453"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}