{"id":48404,"date":"2025-07-17T21:05:45","date_gmt":"2025-07-17T15:35:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=48404"},"modified":"2025-08-02T12:23:16","modified_gmt":"2025-08-02T06:53:16","slug":"news-in-short-17-07-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/17-07-2025\/news-in-short-17-07-2025","title":{"rendered":"News In Short-17-07-2025"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>West Bank<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS1\/Places in News<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The UN warned that mass <strong>displacement in the West Bank<\/strong> had hit levels not seen since the start of Israel\u2019s occupation of the Palestinian territory nearly 60 years ago.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>West Bank<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The West Bank lies to the <strong>west of the Jordan River<\/strong>, bordered by Israel to the west, Jordan to the east, and Jerusalem to the south-west.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Major cities include Ramallah (administrative capital of the Palestinian Authority), Hebron, Nablus, Jenin, and Bethlehem.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"d3d7da\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"976\" height=\"549\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/07\/West-Bank.png\" alt=\"west bank\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-48406\" style=\"--dominant-color: #d3d7da; width:462px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/07\/West-Bank.png 976w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/07\/West-Bank-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/07\/West-Bank-768x432.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 976px) 100vw, 976px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1948:<\/strong> After the Arab-Israeli War, the West Bank was occupied and later annexed by Jordan (1949\u20131967).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1967:<\/strong> During the Six-Day War, Israel captured the West Bank from Jordan, and it has remained under varying degrees of Israeli control since.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1993\u20131995 Oslo Accords: <\/strong>These agreements created the Palestinian Authority (PA) and divided the West Bank into three areas:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Area A: <\/strong>Full Palestinian civil and security control.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Area B: <\/strong>Palestinian civil control and joint Israeli\u2013Palestinian security.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Area C:<\/strong> Full Israeli control (about 60% of the West Bank).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/ccidist-ws\/th\/th_international\/issues\/139911\/OPS\/G65EJSCPP.1+GMQEKUSP5.1.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Euthanasia<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus :GS 2\/Governance&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Kerala government has decided to allow local bodies to carry out euthanasia of diseased stray dogs by making use of the provisions of the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Animal Husbandry Practices and Procedures) Rules 2023.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ebecf0\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Do you know?<\/strong><br>&#8211; Under Section 8 of the Animal Husbandry Rules, euthanasia of an animal is allowed if it is severely diseased and poses a risk of spreading the disease, or if it is mortally or severely injured.\u00a0<br>&#8211; A registered veterinary practitioner must certify that keeping the animal alive would be cruel.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Euthanasia<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It refers to the practice of an individual deliberately ending their life, oftentimes to get relief from an incurable condition, or intolerable pain and suffering.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It can be administered only by a physician, and can be either \u2018active\u2019 or \u2018passive\u2019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Active euthanasia<\/strong> involves an active intervention to end a person\u2019s life with substances or external force, such as administering a lethal injection.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Passive euthanasia <\/strong>refers to withdrawing life support or treatment that is essential to keep a terminally ill person alive<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Supreme Courts Observations\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>In 2011<\/strong>, the Supreme Court of India allowed passive euthanasia for the first time in the <strong>case of Aruna Shanbaug<\/strong>, distinguishing it from active euthanasia and permitting it in certain situations.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img data-dominant-color=\"bdbcbc\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"759\" height=\"398\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Euthanasia.png\" alt=\"Euthanasia\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-48405\" style=\"--dominant-color: #bdbcbc; width:433px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Euthanasia.png 759w, https:\/\/wp-images.nextias.com\/cdn-cgi\/image\/format=auto\/ca\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Euthanasia-300x157.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 759px) 100vw, 759px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>In 2018<\/strong>, the court further recognized the legality of passive euthanasia for terminally ill patients, <strong>affirming the &#8216;right to die with dignity&#8217; under Article 21 of the Constitution<\/strong>.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It provided guidelines for withdrawing life support based on advance directives or in their absence.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Supreme Court and draft guidelines clarify that withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatment, including do-not-resuscitate orders, is legal in India when it no longer benefits the patient or only prolongs suffering.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: TH<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/ Health<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Generic drugmakers Aurobindo Pharma, Cipla and Viatris will develop, manufacture and supply long-acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB LA) for HIV treatment in 133 countries.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It builds on the voluntary license for CAB LA for <strong>HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is a <strong>preventive strategy where HIV-negative individuals<\/strong> take antiretroviral medication to reduce their risk of acquiring HIV infection.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PrEP<strong> blocks the HIV life cycle<\/strong>, preventing the virus from taking hold and spreading in the body after exposure.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Forms of PrEP:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Daily oral pills:<\/strong> Truvada (TDF\/FTC) and Descovy (TAF\/FTC) are approved options.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Long-acting injectables: <\/strong>Apretude (cabotegravir) is administered every two months, and Yeztugo every six months.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: TH<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>NATO<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS2\/Regional Groupings<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The NATO Secretary<\/strong> said that countries like <strong>India, China and Brazil <\/strong>could be hit very hard by secondary sanctions if they continued to do business with Russia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>India and China are the<strong> top importers of Russian crude.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>India depends on imports to meet around <strong>88 per cent <\/strong>of its crude oil needs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Oil imports from Russia <\/strong>were at 87.4 million tonnes in the financial year 2024-25, accounting for almost<strong> 36 per cent<\/strong> of India\u2019s total oil imports of 244 million tonnes.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prior to the war in Ukraine, Russia\u2019s share in India\u2019s oil import basket was <strong>less than 2 per cent.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About NATO<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>NATO, or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, is a <strong>military alliance of countries.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Establishment:<\/strong> It was founded in <strong>1949 <\/strong>with the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty, more popularly known as the<strong> Washington Treaty<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Aim:<\/strong> To ensure the<strong> security and defense of its member countries <\/strong>through collective defense.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Founding Members: <\/strong>The original members of NATO were Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Collective Defense:<\/strong> The cornerstone of NATO is Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty, which states that an armed attack against one or more of its members is considered an attack against all members.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Decision-Making:<\/strong> Decisions within NATO are made on the basis of <strong>consensus among member countries.\u00a0<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The North Atlantic Council,<\/strong> which includes the ambassadors of all member countries, is the <strong>principal political decision-making body.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Members:<\/strong> It has <strong>32 member countries, Finland<\/strong> and <strong>Sweden <\/strong>became the 31st and 32nd members respectively.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>On signing the Treaty, countries voluntarily commit themselves to participating in the political consultations and military activities of the Organization.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/business\/brazil-china-india-could-be-hit-by-sanctions-russia-trade-nato-chief-10129172\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>IE<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Prime Minister Professorships<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/Science and Technology<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong><strong>Context<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <strong>Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF) <\/strong>has announced the <strong>Prime Minister Professorships.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The scheme facilitates <strong>structured mentorship engagements<\/strong>, wherein superannuated\/retired, active experts will provide<strong> sustained academic and research support<\/strong> to <strong>faculty and students i<\/strong>n institutions with emerging research capacity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Duration: <\/strong>Up to 5 years, based on performance evaluated by the expert committee constituted for the purpose.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Eligibility: <\/strong>Open to overseas scientists, including Non-Resident Indians, Persons of Indian Origin, and Overseas Citizens of India.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Professionals from industry and experienced Professors of Practice with a \u201cdistinguished record\u201d of research and innovation are eligible to apply.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Funding Support:<\/strong> The PM Professor will receive a fellowship of Rs. 30 lakh plus Research Grant of Rs.24 Lakh per annum. Additionally, Rs. 1.00 Lakh (fixed) is provided as overhead to the host institute per year.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Eligible host institutions<\/strong> are the state universities which have been qualified\/listed as spoke institutions, in Category A of recently awarded PAIR program of ANRF.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It has been established with the ANRF 2023 Act, under the <strong>Department of Science &amp; Technology.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Aim: <\/strong>To seed, grow and promote research and development (R&amp;D) and foster a culture of research and innovation throughout India\u2019s universities, colleges, research institutions, and R&amp;D laboratories.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It will act as an <strong>apex body to provide high-level strategic direction<\/strong> of scientific research in the country as per <strong>recommendations of the National Education Policy (NEP).\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB) <\/strong>established in 2008 has been subsumed into ANRF.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/science\/anrf-unveils-pm-professorships-to-bolster-research-in-state-universities\/article69815381.ece\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Tribal Genome Sequencing Project<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/ S&amp;T<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Gujarat has become the first state in India to launch a <strong>Tribal Genome Sequencing Project.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Objectives:<\/strong> Identify genetic markers associated with various hereditary and immunity-related conditions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Key Implementation Agency:<\/strong> Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sample Size &amp; Scope:<\/strong> The project will sequence the genomes of 2,000 individuals from tribal communities across 17 districts of Gujarat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Target Population<\/strong>: Focus includes major tribal groups such as Bamcha, Garasia Bhil, Chaudhar, Dubla, Gond, Nayaka, Warli, and the Sidi community.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: TH<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Javelin anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus :GS 3\/Defence&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>India has submitted a letter of request to the United States for co-production of Javelin anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs) in the country.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Javelin anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is a single man-portable fire-and-forget medium-range antitank weapon system designed to defeat all known and projected threat armor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Its fire-and-forget capability provides superior survivability by enabling the operator to immediately relocate after firing.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It can defeat all known and anticipated battlefield armor, including main battle tanks and softer targets, and can be launched in both top-attack and direct-attack modes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is developed and produced jointly by American defence majors Raytheon and Lockheed Martin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source :TH<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>ADEETIE Scheme<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus :GS 3\/Economy&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In News<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Assistance in Deploying Energy Efficient Technologies in Industries &amp; Establishments (ADEETIE) scheme was officially launched at Arya (P.G.) College, Panipat, Haryana.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>ADEETIE scheme<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The ADEETIE scheme, with a budgetary outlay of \u20b91000 crore, is an initiative by the Ministry of Power, Government of India, is being implemented by the <strong>Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE).\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is structured to provide end -to-end hand holding through subvention on loans, Investment Grade Energy Audits (IGEA), Detailed Project Reports (DPRs), and post-implementation Monitoring and Verification (M&amp;V).\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The scheme covers 14 energy-intensive sectors<\/strong>: Brass, Bricks, Ceramics, Chemicals, Fishery, Food Processing, Forging, Foundry, Glass, Leather, Paper, Pharma, Steel Re-rolling, and Textiles.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It envisages to provide interest subvention of 5% for Micro and Small Enterprises, and 3% for Medium Enterprises on loans, ensuring accessibility and affordability for MSMEs seeking financial aid for energy efficiency (EE) projects.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Importance\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It marks a decisive step toward India\u2019s transition to a low-carbon economy by enabling Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to upgrade to energy-efficient technologies through comprehensive financial and technical support.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fff2cc\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)<\/strong><br>&#8211; The Government of India set up the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) on March 1, 2002 under the provisions of the Energy Conservation Act, 2001.<br>&#8211; It aims to assist in developing policies and strategies with a thrust on self-regulation and market principles, within the overall framework of the Energy Conservation Act, 2001 with the primary objective of reducing the energy intensity of the Indian economy.<br>&#8211; It coordinates with designated consumers, designated agencies and other organizations and recognises, identifies and utilises the existing resources and infrastructure, in performing the functions assigned to it under the Energy Conservation Act.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source :PIB<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>CAFE Norms<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/Environment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Government of India is finalizing <strong>stricter Corporate Average Fuel Efficiency (CAFE) norms\u2014CAFE-III and CAFE-IV,<\/strong> to be implemented<strong> between 2027 and 2037.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>About<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>These norms mandate<strong> fleet-wide CO\u2082 emission reductions<\/strong> for automakers to <strong>promote fuel efficiency and clean technologies.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Introduced in <strong>2017 <\/strong>by the <strong>Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) <\/strong>under the Ministry of Power to regulate<strong> fuel consumption and CO\u2082 emissions from passenger vehicles (PVs).<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Applicable to all vehicles under 3,500 kg<\/strong>, including those powered by petrol, diesel, LPG, CNG, hybrids, and EVs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Objectives:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Reduce oil imports and energy dependency.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Curb air pollution and emissions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Encourage production of low-emission vehicles (EVs, hybrids, and CNG models).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>CAFE-II Norms (Effective from FY 2022\u201323)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Set stricter benchmarks:<\/strong> Fuel consumption \u2264 4.78 litres per 100 km.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>CO\u2082 emissions \u2264 113 grams\/km (directly linked to fuel use).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Non-compliance penalties were increased to ensure stronger enforcement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Impact on Automakers and Innovation<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The framework penalizes lightweight cars:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Although reducing weight is a proven strategy to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions, the CO\u2082 target becomes even more demanding for such lighter vehicles.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hence, lightweighting is not adequately rewarded, especially for entry-level small cars.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This <strong>disincentivizes innovation<\/strong> in the affordable car segment, which is crucial for mass mobility in India.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/industry\/auto\/cafe-norms-battle-hots-up-m-m-counters-maruti-suzuki-on-relief-125071300840_1.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>BS<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<h3><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">The UN warned that mass displacement in the West Bank had hit levels not seen since the start of Israel\u2019s occupation of the Palestinian territory nearly 60 years ago.<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3><strong>West Bank<\/strong><\/h3>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">The West Bank lies to the west of the Jordan River, bordered by Israel to the west, Jordan to the east, and Jerusalem to the south-west.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">Major cities include Ramallah (administrative capital of the Palestinian Authority), Hebron, Nablus, Jenin, and Bethlehem.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">1948: After the Arab-Israeli War, the West Bank was occupied and later annexed by Jordan (1949\u20131967).<\/li>\n<li class=\"ms-5\">1967: During the Six-Day War, Israel captured the West Bank from Jordan, and it has remained under varying degrees of Israeli control since.<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/current-affairs\/17-07-2025\/news-in-short-17-07-2025\" class=\"btn btn-primary btn-sm float-end\">Read\u00a0More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-48404","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48404","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=48404"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48404\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":48414,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48404\/revisions\/48414"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48404"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=48404"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=48404"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}