{"id":48142,"date":"2025-07-14T20:33:19","date_gmt":"2025-07-14T15:03:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/?p=48142"},"modified":"2025-07-30T12:42:08","modified_gmt":"2025-07-30T07:12:08","slug":"changing-landscape-of-employment-in-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/editorial-analysis\/14-07-2025\/changing-landscape-of-employment-in-india","title":{"rendered":"Changing Landscape of Employment in India"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS3\/Economy; Employment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>India faces persistent challenges in integrating these graduates into meaningful, stable employment, despite the large talent pool graduated across India every year.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>India\u2019s Employment Landscape<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Youth Employment Crisis: <\/strong>According to the <strong>India Employment Report 2024<\/strong> by the International Labour Organization (ILO) and Institute for Human Development (IHD), youth account for <strong>83% of India\u2019s unemployed population.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Over half of graduates are not job-ready, lacking basic digital and professional skills.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Only about 3.7% of the workforce has formal vocational training.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Economic Survey 2023\u201324<\/strong> further underscores by stating that <strong>only half of India\u2019s youth are job-ready post-graduation<\/strong>.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Many lack essential digital and professional skills \u2014 at a time when AI and technological change are disrupting traditional job roles, especially in the tech sector.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Formal vs Informal Work: <\/strong>Employees\u2019 Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) data shows steady rise in formal sector participation, especially among <strong>youth aged 18\u201325.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>90% of employment remains informal, with limited social protection. (<em>India Employment Report 2024<\/em>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Young professionals, especially fresh graduates, dominate new enrolments.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Digital Deficiencies Among Youth: <\/strong>Digital illiteracy is a major hurdle:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>About 75%<\/strong> of youth struggle with sending an email with an attachment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nearly 60%<\/strong> can\u2019t perform basic file operations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Almost 90%<\/strong> lack spreadsheet skills such as using formulas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>These deficits are alarming given the<strong> <\/strong><strong><em>World Economic Forum\u2019s Future of Jobs Report 2025<\/em><\/strong>, which predicts:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>170 million new jobs by 2030<\/strong> (14% of total employment);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>92 million jobs displaced<\/strong> (8%);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Net <strong>growth of 78 million jobs<\/strong>, requiring new skills and competencies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Structural Challenges:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Jobless growth continues despite India becoming one of the world\u2019s largest economies.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Automation and AI threaten traditional roles, especially in tech and services.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gender gaps and social inequities persist, with SC\/ST communities overrepresented in low-paid, informal jobs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Related Key Efforts &amp; Initiatives<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Skill Development &amp; Training:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/pradhan-mantri-kaushal-vikas-yojana\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/pradhan-mantri-kaushal-vikas-yojana\/\">Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)<\/a>:<\/strong> Offers short-term skill training aligned with industry needs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme (NAPS):<\/strong> Incentivizes employers to engage apprentices.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS):<\/strong> Targets non-formal skill training for disadvantaged groups.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Craftsman Training Scheme (CTS):<\/strong> Operates through ITIs to build technical skills.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Employment Generation Schemes:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>MGNREGS:<\/strong> Provides 100 days of wage employment annually to rural households.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Prime Minister\u2019s Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP):<\/strong> Supports micro-enterprises and self-employment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana (DAY-NULM &amp; DDU-GKY):<\/strong> Focuses on urban and rural livelihoods respectively.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme:<\/strong> \u20b91.97 lakh crore outlay across 14 sectors to boost manufacturing and create 60 lakh jobs over five years.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Budget 2024\u201325:<\/strong> \u20b92 lakh crore package to support 4.1 crore youth over five years.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Internship scheme for 1 crore youth with \u20b95,000 monthly allowance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Skilling of 20 lakh youth and upgrading 1,000 ITIs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Way Forward: Critical Reforms<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Industry-Academia Collaboration: <\/strong>Mandate formal industry partnerships for every higher education institution to <strong>bridge the gap<\/strong> between theoretical education and job skills.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Accountability in Higher Education: <\/strong>Institutions need to be held accountable for student placements, not just academic output.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Accreditation systems<\/strong> should be linked to employment outcomes.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Labs like<strong> Idea Labs <\/strong>and <strong>Tinker Labs<\/strong> need to become standard in all schools and colleges.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Curriculum Modernisation: <\/strong>Integrate humanities, foreign languages, and soft skills at every level of education. These skills are vital for global employability and adaptability in a rapidly changing job market.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Global Skilling Strategy: <\/strong>Design skilling programmes aligned with international demand \u2014 especially in <strong>ageing Western societies facing labour shortages.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Projects like Link4Skills<\/strong> already lay the groundwork for international migration based on skill corridors.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Establish Indian Education Services: <\/strong>A dedicated <strong>Indian Education Services<\/strong> \u2014 modelled on the IAS \u2014 should be formed to bring top talent into education policy and administration.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Additionally, professionals from industry need to be allowed to teach, ensuring students benefit from both academic and practical insights.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Youth dividend may turn into a demographic burden, without urgent and strategic reforms in education and employment systems.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bridging the skill-employment gap is not just an economic imperative\u2014it\u2019s a national priority for long-term stability and prosperity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background has-fixed-layout\" style=\"background-color:#fff2cc\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Daily Mains Practice Question<\/strong><br><strong>[Q]<\/strong> Discuss the major factors contributing to the transformation of India\u2019s employment landscape in recent years. How have government policies and changing workforce preferences shaped this evolution?<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/the-changing-landscape-of-employment\/article69808005.ece\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Source: TH<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/UPSC-Editorial-Analysis-14-July-2025.PDF.pdf\">Download PDF<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>India faces persistent challenges in integrating these graduates into meaningful, stable employment, despite the large talent pool graduated across India every year.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-48142","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-editorial-analysis"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48142","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=48142"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48142\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":49685,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48142\/revisions\/49685"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48142"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=48142"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=48142"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}